Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH

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Publications (10 of 10) Show all publications
Waerner, T. (2025). Horses and Hierarchies: A Story of Young Equestrians' Participaiton Rights Through a Cutural Hegemonic lens. Sport, Education and Society
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Horses and Hierarchies: A Story of Young Equestrians' Participaiton Rights Through a Cutural Hegemonic lens
2025 (English)In: Sport, Education and Society, ISSN 1357-3322, E-ISSN 1470-1243Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Children's right to have their voices heard is stated in Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and is often referred to as 'participation rights'. The UNCRC extends across all spheres of children's lives, including sports, where having a voice is essential in creating safe and inclusive sporting cultures. This study, based on over 200 h of ethnographic fieldwork at two Swedish riding schools, focuses on young equestrians aged 15-17 years and the conditions for making their voices heard. Using a narrative approach, this research employs ethnographic creative nonfiction to examine the sporting culture and everyday life within the riding schools, examining how rules, norms and values influence young equestrians' opportunities to have a voice. The theoretical framework draws on the concept of cultural hegemony to explore how power structures and hierarchical relations become embedded within the riding schools. The analysis sheds light on how authority and influence are woven into the young equestrians' sporting experiences, impacting their ability to engage fully in their participation rights. The results show that values and norms within the context of the riding schools are both consciously and unconsciously accepted and maintained. The findings emphasise a need for cultural shifts, ensuring that the voices of young equestrians and the welfare of the horses develop hand in hand for the future of the equestrian sport.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2025
Keywords
Youth sport, UNCRC, equestrian sport, riding instructors, ethnography, creative nonfiction, power structures, youth voice
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences Social Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-8661 (URN)10.1080/13573322.2025.2571153 (DOI)001589411900001 ()2-s2.0-105018840079 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Stiftelsen HästforskningSwedish National Centre for Research in Sports
Note

At the time of Therese Waerners dissertation this was a manuscript in review.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 

Available from: 2025-04-22 Created: 2025-04-22 Last updated: 2025-11-05Bibliographically approved
Waerner, T. (2025). Unga ryttares rätt till delaktighet: En villkorad rättighet?. (Doctoral dissertation). Stockholm: Gymnastik och idrottshögskolan, GIH
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Unga ryttares rätt till delaktighet: En villkorad rättighet?
2025 (Swedish)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Avhandlingen handlar om unga ryttare i åldern 15–17 år och villkoren för att de ska kunna vara delaktiga i sin idrott. En utgångspunkt i avhandlingen är FN:s barnkonvention, som fastställer att alla barn har rätt att göra sin röst hörd och att få den beaktad med hänsyn tagen till ålder och mognad.

Avhandlingen består av två delstudier: en webbenkät och en etnografisk studie. I avhandlingens delarbeten riktas fokus mot att kartlägga de unga ryttarnas delaktighet, hur de uttrycker att de vill vara delaktiga, hur vuxna (ridlärare) möjliggör delaktighet (eller inte), samt hur de sammanhang unga ryttare befinner sig i påverkar möjligheten att vara delaktig.

Slutsatserna är att många av de unga ryttarna upplever att de är delaktiga vid första anblicken, men det framträder också andra aspekter. Kulturen präglas av givna normer och värderingar där unga ryttare anpassar sig till hierarkiska ordningar. De unga ryttarna själva önskar mer respekt och engagemang från vuxna och de vill ha mer inflytande i frågor som rör hästen. För att detta ska ske måste de vuxna (ridlärarna) reflektera över sitt pedagogiska förhållningssätt, se de unga som kompetenta nog att komma med idéer och lyssna på dem. För att unga ska känna sig mer delaktiga behöver det skapas en kultur där de kan vara delaktiga utan att vara rädda för att göra fel. Att förändra kulturer tar lång tid, men att skapa möjligheter för delaktighet behöver inte ta extra tid eller vara svårt, vilket ridlärare i avhandlingen också påvisar. Det är möjligt att lyssna, fråga och inkludera unga.

Abstract [en]

The overall aim of this thesis is to analyse the conditions for young equestrians (aged 15-17) to exercise their right to have a voice. The thesis is grounded in Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). The article states that 'every child has the right to express their views in all matters affecting them, and to have their views given due weight' (UNCRC, 1989).

Equestrianism is one of the largest youth sports in Sweden in terms of the number of participants. The Swedish Equestrian Federation states that the federation works to include young equestrians so that their voices are heard. Moreover, equestrian sport is known for developing young people in leadership and responsibility. However, despite this, there is anecdotal evidence from the #MeToo movement (#visparkarbakut) that reveals a culture in which young equestrians are silenced and vulnerable.

Taking a sociocultural perspective, the study examines the conditions for young equestrians to have a voice, and how they want to be involved. It further examines how social and political participation is shaped by norms and hierarchies. A combination of methods has been applied to address these objectives, including a widespread online survey and ethnographic fieldwork that was conducted at two Swedish riding schools.

The findings identify a culture where young equestrians appear content within their sporting context while simultaneously adapting to hierarchical structures. The thesis underscores the importance of creating an inclusive culture in which young equestrians feel respected. This, in turn, may contribute to a safer and more engaged sporting context. The study also emphasizes the role of riding instructors in facilitating participation, suggesting that conscious efforts to engage young people in dialogue can enhance their sense of inclusion. Additionally, the horse is identified as a part of creating meaningful participation, contributing both to social and political participation. This thesis empirically contributes to the understanding of youth participation in sport, especially offering insights for enhancing the involvement of young equestrians.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Gymnastik och idrottshögskolan, GIH, 2025. p. 125
Series
Avhandlingsserie för Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan ; 37
National Category
Social Sciences Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-8662 (URN)978-91-988127-8-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-05-23, Aulan, Lidingövägen 1, Stockholm, 13:15 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish National Centre for Research in SportsStiftelsen Hästforskning
Available from: 2025-04-22 Created: 2025-04-22 Last updated: 2025-09-16Bibliographically approved
Waerner, T., Thedin Jakobsson, B., Morgan, K. & Redelius, K. (2024). Giving orders or facilitating voices – Coaches’ constructions of youth in equestrian sport. Sport Coaching Review, 1-21
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Giving orders or facilitating voices – Coaches’ constructions of youth in equestrian sport
2024 (English)In: Sport Coaching Review, ISSN 2164-0629, p. 1-21Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

In this paper, we want to contribute to and expand the ongoing discussion about coaches’ constructions of youth and the impact it has on young athletes’ chances to have a voice in sport. The focus is on sports coaches in Swedish equestrian sport, more specifically termed riding instructors, and their views of why youth should have a voice (or not).

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, the aim is to explore how the instructors’ construction of youth affects young equestrians’ (aged 15–17) chances of having a voice. The analysis is based on over 200 hours of fieldwork including observations and ten interviews with riding instructors in two riding schools. Four constructions of youth emerged from the analysis: Youth as incompetent, Youth as uninterested, Youth as interested, and Youth as competent. These different constructions influenced instructors’ ways of giving youth a voice (or not).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Routledge, 2024
Keywords
UNCRC, article 12, participation rights, riding instructors, youth sport
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-8466 (URN)10.1080/21640629.2024.2443721 (DOI)001380189900001 ()
Funder
Swedish National Centre for Research in SportsStiftelsen Hästforskning
Available from: 2025-01-07 Created: 2025-01-07 Last updated: 2025-09-16
Waerner, T., Thedin Jakobsson, B., Morgan, K. & Redelius, K. (2024). Participation Rights in Youth Sport: Voices of Young Swedish Equestrians. Young - Nordic Journal of Youth Research, 32(4), 378-396
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Participation Rights in Youth Sport: Voices of Young Swedish Equestrians
2024 (English)In: Young - Nordic Journal of Youth Research, ISSN 1103-3088, E-ISSN 1741-3222, Vol. 32, no 4, p. 378-396Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Convention on the Rights of the Child states that all children and young people have the right to have a voice in matters concerning them, in accordance with age and maturity. In the endeavour to make youth sport a safe place free from abuse and harassment, it is crucial to ensure that young athletes can exercise their participation rights. Drawing from an online study involving over 550 Swedish young equestrians aged 15–17, the aim was to investigate whether and in what ways young equestrians can make their voices heard. The results show that the possibility to have a voice is conditioned by sociocultural factors such as what type of stable the youths are active in. The results are analysed from ‘The ladder of participation’. In sum, social interaction and access to horses are important conditions for how young equestrians experience the possibility to have a voice.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sage Publications, 2024
National Category
Sociology Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-8067 (URN)10.1177/11033088231218855 (DOI)001139677600001 ()
Available from: 2024-01-24 Created: 2024-01-24 Last updated: 2025-09-16
Waerner, T., Redelius, K., Thedin Jakobsson, B. & Morgan, K. (2023). Perspectives of participation rights in youth sport – voices from young equestrians. In: : . Paper presented at ECER 2023, European Conference on Educational Research, 22-25 August, Glasgow.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Perspectives of participation rights in youth sport – voices from young equestrians
2023 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Keywords
youth sport, children’s rights, equestrian sport, youth voice agenda, UNCRC
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-7788 (URN)
Conference
ECER 2023, European Conference on Educational Research, 22-25 August, Glasgow
Available from: 2023-09-14 Created: 2023-09-14 Last updated: 2025-09-16
Waerner, T. (2023). Unga ryttares delaktighet – en villkorad rättighet?. In: Program Svensk förening för beteende- och samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforskning (SVEBI) årliga idrottsvetenskapliga konferens: . Paper presented at SVEBI 2023, 23-24 november, Göteborg (pp. 71-72).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Unga ryttares delaktighet – en villkorad rättighet?
2023 (Swedish)In: Program Svensk förening för beteende- och samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforskning (SVEBI) årliga idrottsvetenskapliga konferens, 2023, p. 71-72Conference paper, Poster (with or without abstract) (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Introduktion

Ridsporten är en av de största barn- och ungdomsidrotterna i Sverige sett till antal utövare (Svenska Ridsportförbundet, 2021) och Svenska ridsportförbundet arbetar aktivt med frågor som rör barn och ungas trygghet i sin idrott bland annat genom ett samarbete med Stiftelsen Friends (Svenska Ridsportförbundet, 2021). Trots detta framkommer i media berättelser där barn och unga från ridsporten vittnar om att de farit illa på olika vis (se t.ex. Stallslavarna, 2022; Uppdrag granskning, 2023). Att barn och unga kan göra sin röst hörd är en central del i att skapa en trygg idrott (David, 2005) och sedan 2020 är barnkonventionen (UN, 1989) lagstadgad i Sverige. Artikel 12 i barnkonventionen handlar om att göra sin röst hörd och delaktighet är därmed en grundläggande fråga (Unicef, 2011). Att skapa en idrott där barn och unga kan vara delaktiga och göra sin röst hörd är viktigt av flera anledningar: det kan förhindra att barn och unga utsätts för kränkningar och trakasserier (Hong, 2006), det kan få dem att stanna kvar inom idrotten (Thedin Jakobsson, 2018) och det kan leda till utveckling såväl socialt som demokratiskt (Idrotten Vill, 2019; Thomas, 2007). Ledare inom idrott verkar dock ha begränsad kunskap om barnkonventionen och hur man kan arbeta med frågor som till exempel delaktighet (Redelius et al., 2016; Eliasson, 2017; Lang, 2022).

Syfte och teoretisk ram

Postern avser presentera ett pågående doktorandprojekt med två delstudier. Delstudie ett är en genomförd webbenkät och delstudie två är en pågående etnografiskt-inspirerad studie. Doktorandprojektets syfte är att undersöka villkoren för unga ryttare att utöva sina rättigheter, vara delaktiga och göra sin röst hörd. Unga ryttare i studien är ryttare i åldrarna 15-17 år. 

Det sociokulturella sammanhanget kommer att belysas utifrån ”The ladder of participation” (Hart, 1992; 2008) och begreppen social- och politisk delaktighet (Elvstrand 2009; Redelius & Eliasson, 2022). Något som också kan ha ett samband med hur delaktighet upplevs är den unga idrottarens idrottsidentitet samt begreppen om upplevd och efterfrågad delaktighet (Trondman, 2011). För fler dimensioner av delaktighet beaktas även begrepp som ’space', ’voice’, ’audience’ och ’influence’ (Lundy, 2007). 

Metod

I webbenkäten har 566 unga ryttare svarat på frågor och påståenden kring hur de upplever delaktighet och vad delaktighet är för dem. Frågeställningar i delstudie ett är: Vilka möjligheter har unga ryttare att engagera sig i sin idrott: när och i vilka frågor har de en röst? Hur uttrycker de unga ryttarna själva att de vill ha en röst? I den pågående etnografiskt-inspirerade delstudien genomförs observationer och intervjuer på två ridskolor. Frågeställningar i delstudie två är: Hur möjliggör ridsportens ledare delaktighet för unga ryttare? Vad kännetecknar sammanhang där unga ryttare har möjlighet att göra sin röst hörd? 

Resultat

Övergripande resultat visar att unga ryttare är intresserade av att vara delaktiga och göra sin röst hörd, hur de vill vara delaktiga uttrycker de på olika vis. I delstudie ett visar resultatet att unga ryttare på ridskola respektive privat stall tenderar att uppleva delaktighet i olika grad. Hästen verkar vara en central del i de unga ryttarnas känsla av delaktighet och i deras önskan efter att vara mer delaktiga. De vill vara delaktiga genom en gemenskap med och kring hästen men också för att påverka hur hästen har det. Aspekter som tid, säkerhet, regler och rutiner är sådant som verkar påverka både de unga ryttarna, ledarna och de sammanhang de befinner sig i. Förhoppningen är att kunna presentera resultat från delstudie två vid tiden för SVEBI 2023.

Diskussion och slutsatser

Det går att utläsa att de unga ryttarnas delaktighet kan 'göras' på olika sätt och att hästen verkar spela en central roll för såväl den sociala- som politiska delaktigheten. Hästen kan ses som en utgångspunkt för den sociala delaktigheten och ett slutmål för den politiska delaktigheten när de unga ryttarna beskriver hur de vill vara mer delaktiga. I projektet benämns detta som häst-delaktighet. Häst-delaktigheten kan ses som en övergripande typ av delaktighet i förhållande till den sociala- och politiska delaktigheten. Denna delaktighet måste 'göras' och erbjudas i de sociokulturella sammanhang som de unga ryttarna befinner sig i, något som ledare inom ridsporten behöver förhålla sig till. Förhoppningen är att i postern kunna diskutera resultat från pågående delstudie ytterligare.

National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-8035 (URN)
Conference
SVEBI 2023, 23-24 november, Göteborg
Available from: 2024-01-08 Created: 2024-01-08 Last updated: 2025-09-16Bibliographically approved
Waerner, T., Redelius, K., Thedin Jakobsson, B. & Morgan, K. (2022). Unga ryttares röster om delaktighet i sin idrott. In: : . Paper presented at SVEBI, Svensk Förening för Beteende- och Samhällsvetenskaplig Idrottsforskning 2022, Malmö 14–15 juni.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Unga ryttares röster om delaktighet i sin idrott
2022 (Swedish)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
National Category
Sociology Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities; Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-7123 (URN)
Conference
SVEBI, Svensk Förening för Beteende- och Samhällsvetenskaplig Idrottsforskning 2022, Malmö 14–15 juni
Available from: 2022-09-13 Created: 2022-09-13 Last updated: 2025-09-16
Waerner, T. (2021). Having a voice in the stable – a conditional right for young riders?. In: Book of Abstract Equine Cultures in Transition 2021: . Paper presented at Equine Cultures in Transition 2021: Past, Present and Future Challenges, June 22-24 2021, Uppsala, Sweden (Online). Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, SLU
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Having a voice in the stable – a conditional right for young riders?
2021 (English)In: Book of Abstract Equine Cultures in Transition 2021, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, SLU , 2021Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The aim with tis presentation is to discuss and report on a new project that has just started. The UN Convention on the Right of the Child became a part of Swedish law in January 2020. This means that every leader within sport should make sure that children’s rights are secured. In the stable, young people cultivate several skills; learn to cooperate, take initiatives and be responsible even though military traditions and one-way communications still pervade parts of the horse industry. Abuse and harassment of young riders in the stable are heard of but seldom spoken out loud, maybe because of fear of losing the opportunity to ride. Nevertheless, it seems to be a paradoxical situation – the stable context produces leaders and many young riders have a strong voice, but also produces youth who are silent, powerless and vulnerable. We therefore need knowledge about the conditions for young people to exercise their rights in equestrian sports. The overall aim is to analyse the conditions for a child rights perspective to be implementedin the stable. Research questions: What are the possibilities for young riders to have something to say about their participation: when and on what matters do they have a voice? What knowledge do instructors and trainers have of a child right's perspective, what characterize stable cultures where youths either can or cannot exercise the right to express their views freely and have them accounted for?

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, SLU, 2021
Keywords
participation, UN Convention on the Right of the child, leadership, sport science
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6752 (URN)
Conference
Equine Cultures in Transition 2021: Past, Present and Future Challenges, June 22-24 2021, Uppsala, Sweden (Online)
Funder
Stiftelsen Hästforskning, H-19-47-492
Available from: 2021-07-02 Created: 2021-07-02 Last updated: 2025-09-16
Waerner, T., Redelius, K., Thedin Jakobsson, B. & Morgan, K. (2021). Young horseback riders’ voice of their participation rights.. In: : . Paper presented at 17th EASS Congress (European Association of the Sociology of Sport): “Sports in the face of the global health crisis of COVID-19. Great social challenges” Andalucía, Spain, September 7th - 10th 2021.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Young horseback riders’ voice of their participation rights.
2021 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The UN Convention on the Right of the Child became part of Swedish law in 2020. Consequently, every coach in sport must make sure that children’s rights are secured. The overall aim with this PhD-project is to analyze conditions for a child rights perspective to be implemented in equestrian sport. In equestrian sport, young people cultivate several skills; they learn to cooperate, take initiatives and be responsible. Abuse and harassment are heard of but seldom spoken out loud, maybe because of fear of losing the opportunity to take part. It seems to be a paradoxical situation – the stable context produces leaders and many young horseback riders have a strong voice, but it also produces youths who are powerless and vulnerable. In this presentation, the purpose is to give voice to young horseback riders and analyze what they themselves feel that they can decide about in their sport. An online survey for riders aged 15-17 years has been carried out. The survey consisted of almost 70 questions and 569 youths responded. In this presentation we focus on some open-ended questions about young riders’ views of what they can and want to decide and have a voice about. The preliminary results show that many of the young riders do not feel that they can exercise their participation rights the way they should. The conclusion is that young horseback riders want to be more involved and they want to have a stronger voice in matters that concern them.

Keywords
youth sport, participation, UN Convention on the Right of the child, leadership, sport science.
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6792 (URN)
Conference
17th EASS Congress (European Association of the Sociology of Sport): “Sports in the face of the global health crisis of COVID-19. Great social challenges” Andalucía, Spain, September 7th - 10th 2021
Available from: 2021-09-22 Created: 2021-09-22 Last updated: 2025-09-16
Waerner, T., Thedin Jakobsson, B., Morgan, K. & Redelius, K.Respect me and Recognise my Ability - Young Equestrians on How to Have a Voice in Sport.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Respect me and Recognise my Ability - Young Equestrians on How to Have a Voice in Sport
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Social Sciences Sport and Fitness Sciences
Research subject
Social Sciences/Humanities; Social Sciences/Humanities
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-8660 (URN)
Funder
Stiftelsen HästforskningSwedish National Centre for Research in Sports
Available from: 2025-04-22 Created: 2025-04-22 Last updated: 2025-09-16Bibliographically approved
Projects
Having a voice in the stable - a conditional right for young riders? [H-19-47-492]; Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH; Publications
Waerner, T. (2025). Horses and Hierarchies: A Story of Young Equestrians' Participaiton Rights Through a Cutural Hegemonic lens. Sport, Education and SocietyWaerner, T. (2025). Unga ryttares rätt till delaktighet: En villkorad rättighet?. (Doctoral dissertation). Stockholm: Gymnastik och idrottshögskolan, GIHWaerner, T. (2021). Having a voice in the stable – a conditional right for young riders?. In: Book of Abstract Equine Cultures in Transition 2021: . Paper presented at Equine Cultures in Transition 2021: Past, Present and Future Challenges, June 22-24 2021, Uppsala, Sweden (Online). Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, SLUWaerner, T., Redelius, K., Thedin Jakobsson, B. & Morgan, K. (2021). Young horseback riders’ voice of their participation rights.. In: : . Paper presented at 17th EASS Congress (European Association of the Sociology of Sport): “Sports in the face of the global health crisis of COVID-19. Great social challenges” Andalucía, Spain, September 7th - 10th 2021. Waerner, T., Thedin Jakobsson, B., Morgan, K. & Redelius, K.Respect me and Recognise my Ability - Young Equestrians on How to Have a Voice in Sport.
Speaking for the Horse: Participant Voice and Equine Wellbeing in Equestrian Sport (EQUIP) [H-25-47-055-H-01]; Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-0057-7224

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