Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH

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  • 1.
    Andersson, Eva A
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Lundahl, Gunilla
    Ortivus AB, Danderyd.
    Wecke, Liliane
    Institutionen för Kardiologi, KI, KS.
    Lindblom, Ida
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Maximal Aerobic Power versus Performance in Two Aerobic Endurance Tests among Young and Old Adults2011Inngår i: Gerontology, ISSN 0304-324X, E-ISSN 1423-0003, nr Aug, s. 1-11Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Aerobic fitness is of great value for reducing risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the performance in and correlations between a new test (five-minute pyramid test, 5MPT), the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) among old and young adults. Methods: Forty-four habitually active adults (females and males), 23 old (64-79 years) and 21 young (20-32 years) participated. In the 5MPT, the participants moved back and forth along a short walkway (5.5 m) over boxes (height: 'old people' 0.42 m, 'young people' 0.62 m) arranged like an elongated step pyramid for 5 min. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT(power)) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body weight, gravity and highest box level divided by time. A 6MWT and a maximal cycle ergometer test for direct measurements of VO(2max) were also performed. In all tests heart rate, with on-line electrocardiography, and perceived exertion were recorded. Results: There was a strong correlation between the 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) for the entire group studied (r = 0.98), and each of the four subgroups old and young females and males separately (r = 0.78-0.98). Contrary to several earlier studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data showed that 6MWT cannot be used to predict VO(2max) among old females and young adults. The correlation with VO(2max) was weaker for the 6MWT than for the 5MPT(power). The relative performance values for the old compared to the young (ratio old/young × 100) were considerably lower in 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) (47-55%) than in distance and 'work' in the 6MWT (82-86%). Conclusions: The results, with age and gender variations, can be valuable information in health-fitness contexts, since measuring physical aerobic capacity is very significant in connection with risk evaluations of mortality and various diseases. The 5MPT is a rapid, functional, easy and inexpensive tool for predicting assessed maximal aerobic power.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    Andersson et al. 2011 Gerontology
  • 2.
    Andersson, Eva A.
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Rönquist, Gustaf
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap.
    Oddsson, Kristjan
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap.
    Ekblom, Örjan
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Björn Ekbloms forskningsgrupp.
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Äldre blir starkare av Hälsoprojektet2013Inngår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning: Organ för Centrum för Idrottsforskning, ISSN 1103-4629, Vol. 22, nr 1, s. 25-27Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    En god kondition och styrka har samband med förbättrad hälsa, minskad förekomst av flera folksjukdomar samt ökad livslängd. Fysiologiska tester kan vara stimulerande för äldre att följa utvecklingen av sin fysiska kapacitet och för olika aktörer som vill göra hälsoutvärderingar.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 3.
    Andersson, Eva
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Can a six-minute shuttle walk test predict maximal oxygen uptake?2011Inngår i: Gazzetta Medica Italiana, ISSN 0393-3660, E-ISSN 1827-1812, Vol. 170, nr 3, s. 163-70Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Aim. This study evaluates the results of and correlations between the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test among physically active young adults.

    Methods. Sixty-three adults (33 females and 30 males) aged 18-38 years participated. 6MWT and a maximal running treadmill test for measurements of VO2max were performed. 6MWT reliability was also evaluated.

    Results. Mean distance in the 6MWT for the females was 848 (685-976) m and for the males 866 (704-1077) m. The gender differences were considerably less for the 6MWT (2%) than in the VO2max test, both normalized to body weight (21%) and in absolute form (35%). The mean values, for the female and male subjects in the VO2max were 46.7 and 58.9 ml/kg/min and 2.94 and 4.53 l/min, respectively. The data showed a very low, not significant, correlation (r=-0.02-0.32) between walking distance in the 6MWT and VO2max.

    Conclusions: The 6MWT-distance for this physically active young adult group, which previously not has been studied, was considerably higher than in earlier reports for various other groups. In contrast to several prior studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data, on healthy active adults, showed that distance in the 6MWT cannot predict maximal oxygen uptake. The present results may be related to the low potential of walking as a locomotor form to tax the cardio-respiratory system sufficiently for this group. Since aerobic capacity is correlated with increased survival, these new data and given comparisons with previous reports are specially valuable when evaluating fitness in various sports and health contexts. 

     

  • 4.
    Andersson, Eva
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    och medarbetare, se rapport,
    Hälsoprojekt med fysisk aktivitet på Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH - Läsåret 2005/20062007Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    SYFTE SAMT KORT BESKRIVNING AV HÄLSOPROJEKTET. Syftet med undersökningen var att i samarbete med hälso- och sjukvården och andra intressenter genomföra ett kostnadsfritt hälsoprojekt med fr.a. ledarledd fysisk aktivitet speciellt för personer med olika folksjukdomar men även friska i varierande åldrar. Sammanlagt 228 personer deltog för första gången i hela hälsoprojektet under en termin, dels hösten 2005 (114 deltagare) och dels våren 2006 (114 andra nya deltagare) med för- och eftertester. Initialt och i slutet av respektive termin utfördes varierande fysiologiska tester rörande kondition, styrka, rörlighet och balans samt GIH:s hälsoenkät om upplevd hälsa och olika levnadsvanor såsom fysisk aktivitet, kost, alkohol, rökning, sömn och tid för rekreation.

    METODER. Deltagarna anmälde sig själva eller via hälso- och/eller sjukvårdspersonal på Stockholms vårdcentraler, psykiatriska mottagningar eller friskvårdsföretag. Utöver de sammanlagt 228 som medverkade i hela projektet var det fler som deltog i endast det initiala testerna och var närvarande till viss del under respektive termin. Således föll vissa deltagare bort under projektperioderna av olika anledningar. I denna rapport sammanställs data endast för dem som fullföljde projektet med deltagande vid såväl för- som eftertester (n=228, varav 46 män och 182 kvinnor). Bland dessa 228 deltagare (medelålder 57 år, 22-88 år) sågs vid det initiala testet att det endast var 5% som var fysiskt aktiva 30 minuter/dag samt att minst 2/3 var överviktiga och 1/3 obesa. Projekten utgjordes primärt av, 2 ggr/vecka, ledarledd fysisk aktivitet såsom stavgång, motionsgymnastik, vattengymnastik, styrketräning i gym samt i motionshall med den egna kroppen som belastning. Många andra typer av fysisk aktivitet/verksamheter utfördes även såsom afrikansk dans, yoga, massage, qigong, klättring, spinning, boxer size etc. I samband med den initiala hälsoenkätundersökningen och utförandet av de fysiologiska testerna genomfördes ett hälsosamtal. Hälsoprojekten utfördes inom undervisningen i regi av GIH-studenter under handledning av lärare/läkare på GIH samt externt.

    RESULTAT. GIH:s HÄLSOENKÄT. Signifikant förbättring sågs för gruppen som helhet (n: 228) vid sluttestet jämfört med initialt under projektperioden för följande enkätparametrar: kroppslig hälsa; själslig hälsa; samtliga upplevelsefrågor kring såväl arbetsliv som fritid; sömn; tid för reflektion; tid för avkoppling; samt socialt nätverk. Särskilt hög signifikans sågs för majoriteten av frågorna kring fysiska aktivitetsvanor. Den enda frågan om fysisk aktivitetsvanor som inte förändrades signifikant för gruppen som helhet var frågan kring kroppslig ansträngningsgrad i det dagliga arbetet. Däremot sågs det dagliga stillasittandet minska signifikant. Spridda signifikanta förbättringar gällande kost noterades. Dessa var val av fettsnåla produkter; grönsaksintag; konsumtion av chips och jordnötter; samt kaffebröd. Ingen signifikant förändring sågs för frågor kring övriga kulturella vanor, regelbundenhet i måltider eller för frukt- och fiberintag. Konsumtion av choklad/godis, glass, läsk/saft samt kaffe, te, alkohol och tobak förändrades inte heller signifikant.

    FYSIOLOGISKA TESTER. Val av olika fysiologiska tester var upp till GIH-studenterna som projektledare att själva välja ut. Därmed är här antalet testade lägre jämfört med dem som fyllde i hälsoenkäten, vilken generellt alla deltagare genomförde. Signifikant förbättring mellan efter- och förtest sågs för konditions och gångtesterna Åstrands cykelergometertest (l/min, 9%, n:74), gångtest (9%, n:89) samt steptest (14%, n:7), men inte för Åstrands test uttryckt i ml/kg x min (7%, n:65). Vid statisk ryggmuskeltest med bålen i horisontalläge utanför en bänk med fixerade ben sågs en signifikant förbättring med 62% för de 53 deltagare som utförde detta test. Av de olika buk- inklusive höftböjarmuskeltesterna, utförda som höftböjningssit-up med böjda ben och stöd, sågs en signifikant förbättring för alla dynamiska och statiska testerna sammantagna (68%, n:64) samt vid bentestet stående med höft- och knäleder i 90 graders vinkel stödjandes bålen mot en vägg (40%, n: 40). Bland styrketester för skuldra-, arm- och handmuskulatur sågs en signifikant förbättring i axelpress, dvs växelvisa sträckningar med en 2- eller 4kg´s hantel från axelhöjd till raka armar upp mot taket maximalt antal gånger, (55%, n:9); vid push-ups, då antalet armhävningar antingen utförda med knäna eller fötterna i golvet räknades, (136%, n:17); samt i gripstyrka höger hand (17%, n:113). En liten förbättring, dock signifikant (knappt 1%), sågs både för uppmätt vikt (n: 169) samt för BMI (n:154) beräknat på denna vikt mellan det initiala och slutliga hälsotestet. Detsamma gällde midje- (2%) och höftmått (1%) samt midje-/höftkvot (knappt 1%) med en signifikant förbättring för män och kvinnor sammantagna (n: minst 34). Ingen signifikant skillnad i uppmätt vilopuls noterades. En signifikant förbättring sågs för rörlighetstesterna stående bålflexion (24%, n:20) och majoriteten av sidböjningstester av bålen (6-12%, n: upp till 37). För det speciellt utformade skulderrörlighetstestet framkom inga klara generella förändringar. Balanstestet stående på ett ben där man registrerade antal nedtramp på en minut visade ingen signifikant förändring mellan för- och eftertest vare sig på höger (n:24) eller vänster ben (n=23).

    SLUTKOMMENTAR. För ledare, hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal samt utövare inom varierande hälso-, idrotts-, arbets- eller rehabiliteringssammanhang kan det vara av vikt att få kunskaper om vilka typer av fysiologiska tester och hälsoenkätfrågor som kan påverkas av hälsoprojekt med ledarledd fysisk aktivitet och andra hälsofrämjande åtgärder. Av speciell vikt är att se om projekt som dessa kan resultera i ökade fysisk aktivitetsvanor och ökad fysisk kapacitet som båda är faktorer positivt korrelerade till en mängd folksjukdomar. I så fall stärks det faktum att liknande hälsofrämjande åtgärder med ledarledd fysisk aktivitet kan bidra till sjukdomsprevention och sjukdomsbehandling.

  • 5.
    Andersson, Eva
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Oddsson, Kristjan
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Ekblom, Örjan
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Björn Ekbloms forskningsgrupp.
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, FoU-gruppen för rörelse, hälsa och miljö.
    Kjellman, Bengt
    Jonsson, Bo
    Taube, Jill
    Improved Physical Capacity in a Project with Guided Physical Activity for Persons with Depression or Anxiety.2010Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Higher physical capacity is correlated with increased health. Knowledge in this area regarding psychiatric diseases is sparse. 

    Purpose: The aim was to study aerobic and several strength capacities in a physical activity project for persons with depression or anxiety.

    Methods: Eighty-four persons (56 women and 28 men) with depression or anxiety were recruited from psychiatric out-patient clinics in Stockholm. Their mean age and BMI was 46 (21-80) years and 26 (17-41) kg/m2, respectively. 50% were sick-listed. 50% had BMI>25. Aerobic and strength tests were chosen by each subgroup´s project leaders. Directed physical activity was given, in groups 10-15, 1 hour twice/week during 8-12 weeks.

    Results: Significant changes (p<0.05, of all n=84) between pre- and post tests were seen in submaximal cycle test (11% enhanced values, n=56) and distance of 6 minutes walk test (16%, n=15) as well as in strength tests for the back for the back (i.e. time in static horizontal belly-back, 40%, n=44), abdominal and hip flexors (i.e. number of hip flexion sit-ups, 45%, n=38), leg (i.e. standing with 90O in hips and knees, 48%, n=56) and arm with shoulder muscles (i.e. number of raising weights alternately with the arms, 46%, n=32). Hand grip tests, BMI or blood pressure values did not change significantly.

    Conclusions: Directed 8-12 weeks physical activity programs can improve physical fitness in individuals with depression or anxiety.

  • 6.
    Bjerkefors, Anna
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Tinmark, Fredrik
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Arndt, Anton
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Seated Double-Poling Ergometer Performance of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury - A New Ergometer Concept for Standardized Upper Body Exercise2013Inngår i: International Journal of Sports Medicine, ISSN 0172-4622, E-ISSN 1439-3964, Vol. 34, nr 2, s. 176-182Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study aimed to evaluate biomechanics during seated double-poling exercises in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to compare these with those of able-bodied persons (AB). 26 participants volunteered for the study; 13 with SCI (injury levels C7-T12), and 13 AB. A seated double-poling ergometer (SDPE) was developed. 3-dimensional kinematics was measured and piezoelectric force sensors were used to register force in both poles for calculation of power during incremental intensities. Significantly lower power outputs, (143.2 ± 51.1 vs. 198.3 ± 74.9 W) and pole forces (137.1 ± 43.1 vs. 238.2 ± 81.2 N) were observed during maximal effort in SCI compared to AB. Sagittal upper trunk range of motion increased with intensity and ranged from 6.1–34.8 ° for SCI, and 6.9–31.3 ° for AB, with larger peak amplitudes in flexion for AB (31.4 ± 12.9 °) compared to SCI (10.0 ± 8.0 °). All subjects with SCI were able to exercise on the SDPE. Upper body kinematics, power and force outputs increased with intensity in both groups, but were in general, lower in SCI. In conclusion, the SDPE could be successfully used at low to high work intensities enabling both endurance and strength training for individuals with SCI

  • 7.
    Cardinale, Daniele A.
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, Forskningsgruppen Mitokondriell funktion och metabolisk kontroll.
    Cardinale, Marco
    Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar.
    Nilsson, Johnny E.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV). University of Dalarna, Falun.
    Comparison between single and combined data collection methods in loaded squat jump power output2017Inngår i: Gazzetta Medica Italiana, ISSN 0393-3660, E-ISSN 1827-1812, Vol. 176, nr 6, s. 315-321Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare linear position transducer force plate-based methods and more complex combinations of those for calculation of power output in loaded squat jump.

    METHODS: Eight methods were used simultaneously in data collection: vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), ground reaction forces (GRF), 1 linear position transducer (1LPT), 1LPT and VGRF (1LPT+VGRF), 2 linear position transducers (2LPTs), 2LPTs and VGRF (2LPTs+VGRF), 5 linear position transducers (5LPTs), 5LPTs and GRF (5LPTs+GRF). Power output was calculated for each lift according to the sensor or sensors used and the results were compared.

    RESULTS: Power output calculated separately with LPTs and GRF method did not differ significantly from combined methods such as 1LPT+VGRF, 2LPTs+VGRF. No significant differences were found when comparing power output between 5LPTs+GRF and combined methods such as 2LPTs+VGRF.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that test methodology with a simple single linear position transducer setup and or force platform suffice when recording vertical jump such as loaded squat jump.

  • 8.
    Cardinale, Daniele A.
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, Forskningsgruppen Mitokondriell funktion och metabolisk kontroll.
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC). Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Cardinale, Marco
    Comparative multiple sensor approach for power calculation in loaded squat jump and power clean2013Inngår i: Comparative multiple sensor approach for power calculation in loaded squat jump and power clean, 2013Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    Power output is a critical component of athletic performance (McGuigan et al., 2012); therefore, strength and conditioning specialists are nowadays employed to help athletes increase the power-generating capacity in specific motor tasks. Due to the widespread need to assess power output in common strength training exercises, the development and validation of various assessment approaches has led to studies aimed at identifying the external optimal load (OL) to maximize power output (Cormie et al., 2007). The aim of this study was to compare conventionally used linear position transducer and force plate based methods with a new methodology for calculation of peak power (PP) and average power (AP) output in conjunction with the load-power relationship.

    Methods

    Nineteen male elite athletes performed loaded squat jump (LSJ) and power clean (PC) with different external loads to determine the load/power relationship. Nine methods were used simultaneously in data collection: vertical ground reaction force (VGRF), ground reaction force (GRF) i.e. vertical, anterio-posterior and medio-lateral reaction force components, 1 linear encoder (1Encoder), 1 linear position transducer (1LPT), 1LPT and VGRF (1LPT+VGRF), 2 linear position transducers (2LPTs), 2LPTs and VGRF (2LPTs+VGRF), 5 linear position transducers (5LPTs), 5LPTs and GRF (5LPTs+GRF; novel method). Power output was calculated for each lift according to the sensor or sensors simultaneously used and the results were compared.

    Results

    Power output calculated separately with LPTs and GRF method differed significantly from combined methods such as 1LPT+VGRF, 2LPTs+VGRF, and 5LPTs+GRF (novel method). The optimal load in LSJ and PC with respect to PP output was identified at loads between 30 and 50% of their body mass (bm), respectively; and with respect to AP output equal to loads between 85 and 75% of bm, respectively.

    Discussion

    This study indicates that test methodology influences the results of the power output and the load–power relationship in LSJ and PC exercises. The results of this study suggest the possibility that the combined methods provide a better representation of muscle power generation during dynamic movements involving the non-linear trajectories of the barbell than kinematic or kinetic methods alone.

    References

    Cormie, P., McBride, J. M., & McCaulley, G. O. (2007). J Appl Biomech, 23(2), 103-118. McGuigan. (2012). Strength and Power Assessment Protocols. Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes (2nd ed., pp. 207-230). Stanningley Leeds, United Kingdom: Human Kinetics.

  • 9.
    Fredriksson, Mårten
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Damkronornas Fysprofilstester 1995-2006 + 2007-2010: Sammanställning, Reflektion & Rekommendation2007Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 10.
    Fredriksson, Mårten
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Damkronornas Tester, Träning & Monitorering åren 2006-2010: Sammanställning, Reflektion & Rekommendation2010Rapport (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 11.
    Fredriksson, Mårten
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Sammanställning & utvärdering av fystester på juniorlandslagen år 1991-20012002Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 12.
    Fredriksson, Mårten
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Testmanual funktionella tester: allmänna testförberedelser, chins, dips, vertikala situps, hängande raka benlyft, vertikalhopp, Harres test, Beep-testet2003Rapport (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [sv]

    Ur förordet: I din hand håller du ”Testmanual - funktionella tester”. Den är ett resultat av arbetsinsatser gjorda under ett kursmoment i den fristående kursen ”Specialidrott med inriktning mot träning och prestation” (41-60p) vid Idrottshögskolan i Stockholm (år 2000-2001). Ett av delmålen i kursmomentet var att i detalj analysera mätförfarandet i ett antal etablerade funktionella tester och med utgångspunkt från denna analys sammanställa en testmanual. Testerna mäter flera  delkapaciteter i prestationsförmågan som t ex styrka, uthållighet och motorik. Författarteamet nedan tackar representanter för Sveriges Olympiska Kommitté, Riksidrottsförbundet och EIC Bosön för väsentliga bidrag i framtagandet av detta material.

    Innehåll:

    • ALLMÄNNA TESTFÖRBEREDELSER
    • Åtgärder före test Personuppgifter, Hälsodeklaration, Testinformation
    • Allmän checklista
    • STYRKETESTER - STYRKA & UTHÅLLIGHET I BÅL OCH ÖVERKROPP
    • Introduktion - Golden Four
    • Chins
    • Dips
    • Vertikala sit-ups
    • Hängande raka benlyft
    • STYRKETESTER - EXPLOSIV BENMUSKELSTYRKA
    • Introduktion – Vertikalhopp
    • Squat Jump (SJ)
    • Counter Movement Jump (CMJ)
    • KOORDINATION
    • Harres
    • UTHÅLLIGHET
    • Beep-test / shuttle-run test
    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 13.
    Grigorenko, Anatoli
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Bjerkefors, Anna
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC). Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Hultling, Claes
    Alm, Marie
    Thorstensson, Alf
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Sitting balance and effects of kayak training in paraplegics.2004Inngår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, ISSN 1650-1977, E-ISSN 1651-2081, Vol. 36, nr 3, s. 110-6Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to evaluate biomechanical variables related to balance control in sitting, and the effects of kayak training, in individuals with spinal cord injury. SUBJECTS: Twelve individuals with spinal cord injury were investigated before and after an 8-week training period in open sea kayaking, and 12 able-bodied subjects, who did not train, served as controls. METHODS: Standard deviation and mean velocity of centre of pressure displacement, and median frequency of centre of pressure acceleration were measured in quiet sitting in a special chair mounted on a force plate. RESULTS: All variables differed between the group with spinal cord injury, before training, and the controls; standard deviation being higher and mean velocity and median frequency lower in individuals with spinal cord injury. A significant training effect was seen only as a lowering of median frequency. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that individuals with spinal cord injury may have acquired and consolidated an alternative strategy for balance control in quiet sitting allowing for only limited further adaptation even with such a vigorous training stimulus as kayaking.

  • 14.
    Holmberg, H-C
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Björn Ekbloms forskningsgrupp.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC). Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Svedenhag, J
    Lung function, arterial saturation and oxygen uptake in elite cross country skiers: influence of exercise mode.2007Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, ISSN 0905-7188, E-ISSN 1600-0838, Vol. 17, nr 4, s. 437-44Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Arterial desaturation during exercise is common in endurance-trained athletes, a phenomenon often more pronounced when the muscle mass engaged in the exercise is large. With this background, the present study monitored seven international-level cross country skiers performing on a treadmill while running (RUN), double poling (DP; upper body exercise) and diagonal skiing (DIA; arm and leg exercise). Static and dynamic lung function tests were performed and oxygen uptake was measured during submaximal and maximal exercise. Lung function variables (including the diffusion capacity) were only 5-20% higher than reported in sedentary men. Vital capacity was considerably lower than expected from the skiers' maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)), but the maximal ventilation followed a linear relationship with VO(2max). None or only a mild desaturation was observed in DP, RUN and DIA. Blood lactate concentration was slightly higher in DIA than in DP but not different from RUN. In DIA, VO(2max) was 6.23 +/- 0.47 L/min (mean +/- SD), which was 3.8% and 13.9% higher than in RUN and DP, respectively, with similar peak heart rates for the three exercise modes. No relationships were present either between the degree of desaturation and pulmonary functions tests, or with peak oxygen uptakes. The low blood lactate accumulation during the exhaustive efforts contributed to the arterial oxygen saturation being mild in spite of the very high oxygen uptake observed in these skiers.

  • 15. Jansson, Daniel
    et al.
    Ovendal, Alexander
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Bättre idrottsteknik genom analys och träning2016Bok (Annet (populærvitenskap, debatt, mm))
    Abstract [sv]

    Fosbury flop i höjdhopp, V-stilen i backhoppning, skate i längdskidåkning och rotationstekniken i kulstötning. Alla är exempel på hur nya idrottstekniker utvecklats. Men lika viktigt som att nya idrottstekniker utvecklas är att de befintliga teknikerna förfinas och anpassas utifrån den aktives förutsättningar. Häftet Bättre idrottsteknik– genom analys och träning beskriver hur man i generella termer analyserar och tränar den idrottsspecifika tekniken och vänder sig till både aktiva och tränare för såväl barn och ungdomar som elit och elitmotionärer. Häftet inleds med grundläggande kunskap om samspelet mellan muskler och nervsystemet, rörelser och biomekaniska principer. Bärande kapitel är sedan hur man analyserar teknik samt hur man på bästa sätt kan strukturera och genomföra teknikträning för att såväl förebygga skador som nå bättre prestationer.

    (Text från förlaget)

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    presentationsbild
  • 16.
    Nilsson, Johnny E
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Rosdahl, Hans G
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    New Devices for Measuring Forces on the Kayak Foot-Bar and on the Seat During Flat-Water Kayak Paddling: a technical report.2014Inngår i: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, ISSN 1555-0265, E-ISSN 1555-0273, Vol. 9, nr 2, s. 365-70Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose was to develop and validate portable force-measurement devices for recordings of push and pull forces applied by each foot to the foot-bar of a kayak, and the horizontal force at the seat. A foot-plate on a single-point force transducer mounted on the kayak foot-bar underneath each foot allowed the push and pull forces to be recorded. Two metal frames interconnected with four linear ball-bearings and a force transducer allowed recording of horizontal seat force. The foot-bar force device was calibrated by loading each foot plate with weights in the push pull direction perpendicular to the foot plate surface while the seat force device was calibrated to horizontal forces with and without weights on the seat. A strong linearity (r2=0.99-1.0) was found between transducer output signal and load force in the push and pull directions for both foot-bar transducers perpendicular to the foot plate and the seat-force measuring device. Reliability of both devices was tested by means of a test-retest design. The coefficient of variation (CV) for foot-bar push and pull forces ranged from 0.1 to 1.1% and the CV for the seat forces varied between 0.6 - 2.2%. The present study opens up for new investigations of the forces generated within the kayak and ways to optimize kayak paddling performance.

  • 17.
    Oddsson, Kristjan
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Danielsson, Evelina
    Ekblom, Örjan
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Björn Ekbloms forskningsgrupp.
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH. Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Andersson, Eva
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Development of physical tests and ratings scales of perceived health in a project with supervised physical activity for elderly.2010Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Valid and reliable field tests for measuring physical fitness and different health parameters is an important matter for evaluating effects of exercise interventions.

    Purpose: The aim was to study different test parameters such as aerobic capacity, strength, perceived health and life style habits, such as physical activity, in a physical activity intervention for elderly people.

    Method: 117 old-age pensioners (99 women and 18 men). Their mean age (yrs) and BMI (kg/m2 ) was 74 and 26 for the women and 73 and 25 for the men, respectively. Different aerobic, strength and balance tests were measured. Guided physical activity (nordic walking, strength training, aqua gymnastics), were given 45-60 min, 2 times/week for 8-12 weeks. Perceived exertion ratings during the exercises were moderate and/or strong.

    Results: Significant changes (p< 0,05) were seen between pre- and post tests regarding all physical tests except the balance test for men. Even the perceived physical and mental health significantly improved. The mean values for questions concerning self reported inactive/active life style, including sedentary time, were changed to a more active life style.

    Conclusion: 8-12 weeks of guided physical activity can improve several physiological parameters which are positively correlated to decreased risk of numerous diseases. More research is needed to develop reliable and valid field tests for physical capacity and different health parameters.

  • 18.
    Petré, Henrik
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Löfving, Pontus
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Psilander, Niklas
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet.
    The Effect of Two Different Concurrent Training Programs on Strength and Power Gains in Highly-Trained Individuals.2018Inngår i: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (JSSM), ISSN 1303-2968, Vol. 17, nr 2, s. 167-173Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of concurrent strength and endurance training have been well studied in untrained and moderately-trained individuals. However, studies examining these effects in individuals with a long history of resistance training (RT) are lacking. Additionally, few studies have examined how strength and power are affected when different types of endurance training are added to an RT protocol. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of concurrent training incorporating either low-volume, high-intensity interval training (HIIT, 8-24 Tabata intervals at ~150% of VO2max) or high-volume, medium-intensity continuous endurance training (CT, 40-80 min at 70% of VO2max), on the strength and power of highly-trained individuals. Sixteen highly-trained ice-hockey and rugby players were divided into two groups that underwent either CT (n = 8) or HIIT (n = 8) in parallel with RT (2-6 sets of heavy parallel squats, > 80% of 1RM) during a 6-week period (3 sessions/wk). Parallel squat performance improved after both RT + CT and RT + HIIT (12 ± 8% and 14 ± 10% respectively, p < 0.01), with no difference between the groups. However, aerobic power (VO2max) only improved after RT + HIIT (4 ± 3%, p < 0.01). We conclude that strength gains can be obtained after both RT + CT and RT + HIIT in athletes with a prior history of RT. This indicates that the volume and/or intensity of the endurance training does not influence the magnitude of strength improvements during short periods of concurrent training, at least for highly-trained individuals when the endurance training is performed after RT. However, since VO2max improved only after RT + HIIT and this is a time efficient protocol, we recommend this type of concurrent endurance training.

  • 19.
    Petré, Henrik
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Ovendal, Alexander
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Westblad, Niklas
    Mattsson, C. Mikael
    Karolinska institutet, Stanford University.
    Skador inom parkour och preventiva åtgärder2018Inngår i: Idrottsmedicin, ISSN 1103-7652, Vol. 37, nr 4, s. 4-9Artikkel i tidsskrift (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 20.
    Petré, Henrik
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Wernstål, Fredrik
    Karolinska Institutet.
    Mattsson, C. Mikael
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap. Karolinska Institutet.
    Effects of Flywheel Training on Strength-Related Variables: a Meta-analysis.2018Inngår i: Sports medicine - open, ISSN 2199-1170, Vol. 4, nr 1, artikkel-id 55Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: Strength and power development are abilities important for athletic performance in many sports. Generally, resistance training based on gravity is used to improve these qualities. Flywheel training instead utilizes kinetic energy transferred to a flywheel. This allows for eccentric overload and variable resistance throughout the movement. The aim of this review was to identify the effects of flywheel training on multiple strength-related variables affecting athletic performance. The meta-analysis investigates the effects on (1) muscle growth (cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume/mass), (2) maximum dynamic strength, (3) development of power, (4) development of horizontal movement, and (5) development of vertical movement.

    METHODS: The meta-analysis includes 20 experimental studies that met the inclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was ranked according to the PEDro scale. Possible bias was identified in Funnel plot analyses. To enable the compilation of all results analyses, the random effect model was carried out using the software Review Manager Version 5.3 and presented with Forest plots.

    RESULTS: Flywheel training for a period of 4-24 weeks shows statistically significant increases in all strength aspects. Effect sizes were for hypertrophy, CSA 0.59; volume/mass 0.59; maximum strength 1.33; power 1.19; horizontal 1.01 and vertical movement 0.85. The evidence is particularly strong for beneficial effects from flywheel training in the development of maximal strength and power in trained younger individuals, and utilization of this training modality in shorter more intensive blocks.

    CONCLUSIONS: Flywheel training is an effective method for improving several aspects of strength and power with importance for sports performance.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 21. Quennerstedt, Mikael
    et al.
    Gibbs, Beatrice
    Almqvist, Jonas
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Winther, Helle
    Beatrice: dance video games as a resource for teaching dance2016Inngår i: Digital technologies and learning in physical education: pedagogical cases / [ed] Ashley Casey, Victoria A. Goodyear, Kathleen M. Armour, Routledge, 2016, s. 69-85Kapittel i bok, del av antologi (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 22.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV). Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, FoU-gruppen för rörelse, hälsa och miljö. Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Gullstrand, Lennart
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, FoU-gruppen för rörelse, hälsa och miljö.
    Johansson, Patrik
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, Björn Ekbloms och Mats Börjessons forskningsgrupp.
    Schantz, Peter
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, FoU-gruppen för rörelse, hälsa och miljö.
    Evaluation of the Oxycon Mobile metabolic system against the Douglas bag method.2010Inngår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 109, nr 2, s. 159-171Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to evaluate two versions of the Oxycon Mobile portable metabolic system (OMPS1 and OMPS2) in a wide range of oxygen uptake, using the Douglas bag method (DBM) as criterion method. The metabolic variables VO2, VCO2, respiratory exchange ratio and VE were measured during submaximal and maximal cycle ergometer exercise with sedentary, moderately trained individuals and athletes as participants. Test-retest reliability was investigated using the OMPS1. The coefficients of variation varied between 2 and 7% for the metabolic parameters measured at different work rates and resembled those obtained with the DBM. With the OMPS1, systematic errors were found in the determination of VO2 and VCO2. At submaximal work rates VO2 was 6-14% and VCO2 5-9% higher than with the DBM. At VO2max both VO2 and VCO2 were slightly lower as compared to DBM (-4.1 and -2.8% respectively). With OMPS2, VO2 was determined accurately within a wide measurement range (about 1-5.5 L min(-1)), while VCO2 was overestimated (3-7%). VE was accurate at submaximal work rates with both OMPS1 and OMPS2, whereas underestimations (4-8%) were noted at VO2max. The present study is the first to demonstrate that a wide range of VO2 can be measured accurately with the Oxycon Mobile portable metabolic system (second generation). Future investigations are suggested to clarify reasons for the small errors noted for VE and VCO2 versus the Douglas bag measurements, and also to gain knowledge of the performance of the device under applied and non-laboratory conditions.

  • 23.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    Lindberg, Thomas
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Edin, Fredrik
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för biomekanik och motorisk kontroll (BMC).
    The Moxus Modular metabolic sustem evaluated with two sensors for ventilation against the Douglas bag method2013Inngår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 113, nr 5, s. 1353-1367Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    This study evaluated the Moxus metabolic system with the Douglas bag method (DBM) as criterion. Reliability and validity were investigated in a wide range of ventilation and oxygen uptake and two sensors for determining ventilation were included. Thirteen well-trained athletes participated in one pre-test and four tests for data collection, exercising on a cycle ergometer at five submaximal powers (50-263 W) and at [Formula: see text]. Gas exchange variables were measured simultaneously using a serial setup with data collected on different days in an order randomized between Moxus with pneumotachometer (MP) and turbine flowmeter (MT) sensors for ventilation. Reliability with both sensors was comparable to the DBM. Average CV (%) of all exercise intensities were with MP: 3.0 ± 1.3 for VO(2), 3.8 ± 1.5 for VCO(2), 3.1 ± 1.2 for the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and 4.2 ± 0.8 for V (E). The corresponding values with MT were: 2.7 ± 0.3 for VO(2), 4.7 ± 0.4 for VCO(2), 3.3 ± 0.9 for RER and 4.8 ± 1.4 for V (E). Validity was acceptable except for small differences related to the determination of ventilation. The relative differences in relation to DBM at the powers including [Formula: see text] were similar for both sensors with the ranges being: +4 to -2 % for V (E), +5 to -3 % for VO(2) and +5 to -4 % for VCO(2) while RER did not differ at any power. The Moxus metabolic system shows high and adequate reliability and reasonable validity over a wide measurement range. At a few exercise levels, V (E) differed slightly from DBM, resulting in concomitant changes in VO(2) and VCO(2).

  • 24.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Contribution of leg muscle forces to paddle stroke force and kayak speed during maximal effort flat-water paddling among elite kayakers2015Inngår i: Book of abstracts: 20th annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, ECSS Malmö 2015, 2015, s. 318-319Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
  • 25. Rud, Bjarne
    et al.
    Secher, N H
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Smith, G
    Hallén, J
    Metabolic and mechanical involvement of arms and legs in simulated doule pole skiing2014Inngår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, ISSN 0905-7188, E-ISSN 1600-0838, Vol. 24, nr 6, s. 913-919Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    We evaluated arm and leg work rate and metabolism during double pole ergometer skiing. Thermodilution arm and leg blood flow was determined together with the arterial to venous difference for oxygen, while the work rate was assessed in eight male recreational skiers [24 (SD 7) years]. When work rate increased from 82 (SE 4) to 117 (7) W, leg power increased by 43% (enhanced vertical force and displacement of the body). The elbow angle tended to increase [from 71 (11.3)° to 75 (10.9)°; P = 0.07] and arm oxygen uptake increased by 20 (5)% [from 0.65 (0.07) to 0.78 (0.08) L/min; P < 0.05] because two-arm blood flow increased [from 5.4 (0.6) to 6.3 (0.7) L/min; P < 0.05] with no significant change in oxygen extraction [from 59 (2.3)% to 60 (1.9)%] accompanied with net arm lactate and potassium release. In contrast, two-leg blood flow [from 5.8 (0.5) to 8.0 (0.5) L/min] and oxygen extraction [from 67 (1.3)% to 75 (1.5)%] increased (P < 0.05), resulting in a 53 (8)% increase in leg oxygen uptake [from 0.82 (0.06) to 1.24 (0.07) L/min; P < 0.05]. In conclusion, during double poling on an ergometer, arm muscle metabolism and work rate increase only marginally and an increase in work intensity is covered mainly by the leg muscles.

  • 26.
    Schantz, Peter
    et al.
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, FoU-gruppen för rörelse, hälsa och miljö.
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, FoU-gruppen för rörelse, hälsa och miljö.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    An Overview, Description and Synthesis of Methodological Issues in Studying Oxygen Consumption during Walking and Cycling Commuting using a Portable Metabolic System (Oxycon Mobile).2018Annet (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    From the time of the independent discoveries of oxygen by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in Sweden and Joseph Priestly in England in the 1770s, there has been an ongoing chain of methodological developments, from the pioneering ones by Antoine Lavoisier until today, with the aim of measuring oxygen uptake and metabolic processes of man in motion (Mitchell and Saltin 2003). This historical development, has, not least during the last decades, also included both automated stationary and portable open-circuit metabolic measurement systems, which have been thoroughly reviewed recently (Macfarlane 2017; Ward 2018; Taylor et al. 2018).  

    When two of the present authors (PS and HR) were trained as exercise physiologists, the golden standard method in this respect, the Douglas bag method (DBM), was the only, or the predominantly used method at our laboratory. In the 1990s, automated stationary open-circuit metabolic measurement systems started to be used, and HR evaluated some of them using DBM. He noted that it was not apparent that one could rely on the data produced in these “black box” systems. Still they have been used in many laboratories, and possibly there are a number of scientific articles based on them which might hold invalid data. One comment along that line was sent in 2001 as an e-mail from our teacher, professor emeritus Per-Olof Åstrand to an American colleague (Appendix 1). It ended with: “I have observed many odd data in the literature which can be explained as a consequence of uncritical use of modern, fancy electronic equipments without serious and competent evaluation of their accuracy”.

    For HR, these kind of experiences during the 1990s became an important impetus to develop a refined system for the Douglas bag method at the Laboratory for Applied Sport Sciences at the Swedish School for Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, in Stockholm, Sweden. That process was undertaken in close collaboration with Lennart Gullstrand at the Elite Sports Centre, The Swedish Sports Confederation, Bosön, Lidingö, Sweden. This text builds on that system, and many other developmental steps that have been taken since then. They have been applied to study a number of issues related to walking and cycle commuting, as part of the multidisciplinary research project on Physically Active Commuting in Greater Stockholm (PACS) at GIH. For its overall aims, see: www.gih.se/pacs

    One of the aims is to characterize the physiological demands of walking and cycle commuting in relation to absolute and relative demands of oxygen uptake (VO2). This is of interest in itself for understanding the nature of the physical activity during active commuting. Combined with other kinds of data one aim was also to better understand the potential health effects of active commuting. An important issue in this respect was to scrutinize whether the heart rate method for estimating VO2 (Berggren & Hohwü Christensen 1950) would be a reliable and valid method during cycle or walking commuting.

    To reach these goals we needed to use an automated mobile metabolic system. However, we had to work for a much longer time than expected due to a surprising number of diverse methodological challenges in measurements of both VO2 and heart rate (HR). They had to be considered and evaluated through a series of validity studies and checks. Some of the issues could be foreseen and were rather straight forward to handle, whereas others were unexpected, and the strategies to handle them had to be developed step by step as they appeared during the research process. Here this process will be first introduced, then described in more or less detail, and in cases of less details, we instead refer to issues in more depth in original articles. Finally, a synthesis of all studies and their consequences is elaborated on at the end of this appendix.

    Fulltekst (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 27.
    Sirevåg, K
    et al.
    University of Bergen, Faculty of Psychology, Solli DPS, Nestun, Norway.
    Haukenes Stavestrand, S
    University of Bergen, Faculty of Psychology, Solli DPS, Nestun, Norway.
    Nordhus, IH
    Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway..
    Pallesen, S
    Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway..
    Sjöbo, T
    Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway..
    Bruun Endal, T
    Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway..
    Nordahl, HM
    Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Box 8905, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway..
    Specht, K
    Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway..
    Hammar, Å
    Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway..
    Halmöy, A
    Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway..
    Martinsen, EW
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Box 1078, Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway..
    Andersson, Eva
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Hjelmervik, H
    Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway..
    Mohlman, J
    Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Road, Wayne, NJ, 07470, USA.
    Thayer, JF
    Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA..
    Hovland, A
    Solli DPS, Osvegen 15, NO-5228, Nesttun, Norway..
    Physical exercise augmented cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults with generalized anxiety disorder: Scientific rationale, study protocol and preliminary findings for Pexacog trial.2019Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
  • 28. Taube, Jill
    et al.
    Kjellman, Bengt
    Jonsson, Bo
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, FoU-gruppen för rörelse, hälsa och miljö.
    Oddsson, Kristjan
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Hultgren, Staffan
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH.
    Andersson, Eva
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Improved perceived health and scored depression with a physical activity project.2010Konferansepaper (Fagfellevurdert)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: Physical activity programs have shown a positive effect on health but also on depression that increases worldwide.

    Purpose: The purpose was to study perceived health and rated depression score with a physical activity project for persons with diagnosed depression or anxiety.

    Methods: Eighty-four persons (56 women, 28 men) with depression or anxiety disorders, recruited from psychiatric out-patient clinic participated. Mean age and BMI were 46 (21-80) yrs and 26 (17-41) kg/m2, respectively. Guided physical activity was given, in groups of 10-15, 1 hour twice a week for 8-12 weeks.

    Results: A significant improvement (p<0.05*) was seen regarding perceived physical health, several aspects of mental health and waking up thoroughly rested. Depression score significantly improved, both self-rated (PHQ-9, n=55) and by experts (MADRS, n=13), expect PHQ-9 for those with overweight.

    Conclusions: The project showed that patients with depression and anxiety can improve, in addition to increased physical activity level, both their perceived physical and several aspects of mental health and also depression score by joining a physical activity program.

     

     

  • 29.
    Wecke, Liliane
    et al.
    Dep of Cardiology, Karolinska sjukhuset & Karolinska Institutet.
    Andersson, Eva
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Lundahl, Gunilla
    Bergfeldt, Lennart
    Younger People Show More Changes in Repolarization with Exercise2012Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Background:

    Cardiac repolarization is a complex phenomenon that depends on heart rate (HR), autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, age, gender and diseases/pathological conditions etc. Cardiovascular events in LQT1 mutation carriers are also typically related to age, gender, and QT interval, and are triggered by physical exercise. We studied the repolarization response to heavy exercise in healthy subjects.

    Material and methods:

    Vectorcardiography (VCG) was recorded with the Coronet II system (Ortivus AB, Danderyd, Sweden) using the Frank orthogonal leads (X, Y and Z) at supine rest before and after a maximal cycle ergometer test in 42 healthy subjects. They were of different age and gender, 21 old (64-79 years) and 21 young (20-32 years), 23 were women and 19 men. Maximum T-vector amplitude and direction were assessed as well as T-area, QTc-interval and other VCG parameters.

    Results:

    At baseline most parameters differed between old and young subjects, but only QRS-duration, QRS-area and T-amplitude between women and men. Younger subjects had lower HR (59 vs 72 bpm; p<0.01), higher T-amplitude (530 vs 395 μV; p<0.01), larger T-area (73 vs 48 μVs; p<0.001), shorter QTc (417 vs 430 ms; p<0.01) and a narrower QT-angle (25 vs 59°; p<0.01).

    The response to strenuous exercise was much more pronounced in the younger subjects with an increase in resting HR by 35 bpm compared with 17 bpm for the old subjects (p<0.001). This was accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in T-amplitude (-138 vs -27 μV; p<0.01) and T-area (-20 vs -7 μVs; p<0.01) but a larger prolongation of QTc (54 vs 10 ms; p<0.001).

    Conclusion:

    Young people seem to have a more active ANS, which results in a more pronounced repolarization response to heavy exercise. This might explain why patients with LQT1 more likely suffer from malignant arrhythmias at ages below 40 years.

  • 30.
    Wecke, Liliane
    et al.
    Dept of Cardiology, Karolinska sjukhuset & Karolinska Institutet.
    Andersson, Eva
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Nilsson, Johnny
    Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Laboratoriet för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV).
    Lundahl, Gunilla
    Bergfeldt, Lennart
    Younger People Show More Changes in Repolarization with Exercise2012Inngår i: Younger People Show More Changes in Repolarization with Exercise, 2012Konferansepaper (Annet vitenskapelig)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose:

    Cardiac repolarization is a complex phenomenon that depends on heart rate (HR), autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, age, gender and diseases/pathological conditions etc. Cardiovascular events in LQT1 mutation carriers are also typically related to age, gender, and QT interval, and are triggered by physical exercise. We studied the repolarization response to heavy exercise in healthy subjects.

    Method:

    Vectorcardiography (VCG) was recorded with the Coronet II system (Ortivus AB, Danderyd, Sweden) using the Frank orthogonal lead system (X, Y and Z) at supine rest before and after a maximal cycle ergometer test in 42 healthy subjects. They were of different age and gender, 21 old (64-79 years) and 21 young (20-32 years), 23 were women and 19 men. Maximum T-vector amplitude and direction were assessed as well as T-area, QTc-interval and other VCG parameters.

    Summary:

    At baseline most parameters differed between old and young subjects, but only QRS-duration, QRS-area and T-amplitude between women and men. Younger subjects had lower HR (59 vs 72 bpm; p<0.01), higher T-amplitude (530 vs 395 μV; p<0.01), larger T-area (73 vs 48 μVs; p<0.001), shorter QTc (417 vs 430 ms; p<0.01) and a narrower QT-angle (25 vs 59°; p<0.01).

    The response to strenuous exercise was much more pronounced in the younger subjects with an increase in resting HR by 35 bpm compared with 17 bpm for the old subjects (p<0.001). This was accompanied by a more pronounced decrease in T-amplitude (-138 vs -27 μV; p<0.01) and T-area (-20 vs -7 μVs; p<0.01) but a larger prolongation of QTc (54 vs 10 ms; p<0.001).

    Conclusion:

    Young people seem to have a more active ANS, which results in a more pronounced repolarization response to heavy exercise. This might explain why patients with LQT1 more likely suffer from malignant arrhythmias at ages below 40 years.

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