Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH

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  • 1. Alfvén, Tobias
    et al.
    Bellander, Tom
    Björklid, Pia
    Elfström, Elisabeth
    Elm, Klas
    Forward, Sonja
    Grant, Johanna
    Green, Monica
    Hasselberg, Marie
    Hydén, Christer
    Kiessling, Anna
    Kullgren, Anders
    Legeby, Ann
    Lindqvist, Anna-Karin
    Klasander, Anna-Johanna
    Nordström, Tobias
    Ranhagen, Ulf
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Stigell, Erik
    Ståhle, Alexander
    Strömgren, Lars
    Törngren, Emil
    Nollvision för trafikdöd kräver 20-gräns i tätorter2020In: Dagens Nyheter, no 16 februari, p. 5-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 2.
    Andersson, Dan
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH.
    Olsson, Karin Sofia Elisabeth
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Pedestrians´ perceptions of motorized traffic variables in relation to appraisals of urban route environments2023In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ISSN 1661-7827, E-ISSN 1660-4601, Vol. 20, no 1, article id 3743Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background 

    It is important to examine how motorized traffic variables affect pedestrians along a gradient from rural to inner urban settings.

    Methods

    Relations between pedestrians´ perceptions of four traffic variables and appraisals of route environments as hindering – stimulating for walking as well as unsafe – safe for reasons of traffic, were therefore studied in the inner urban area of Stockholm, Sweden (n = 294). The pedestrians rated their perceptions and appraisals with the Active Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES). Correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were used to study the relationships between the traffic variables and the outcome variables. 

    Results 

    Noise related negatively to both hindering – stimulating for walking, and to unsafety – safety for traffic reasons. Vehicle speed related negatively to unsafety – safety for traffic reasons. Furthermore, vehicle speed protruded as an important origin of the deterring effects of traffic among those who commute by foot. 

    Conclusion

    The study shows the value of both partial and simultaneous analyses of the effect of all four traffic variables in relation to outcome variables relevant for walking. 

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  • 3.
    Andersson, Dan
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Pedestrians' perceptions of motorized traffic in relation to appraisals of their urban commuting route environments2022In: Svensk idrottsmedicin 2022:2, Svensk förening för fysisk aktivitet och idrottsmedicin , 2022, Vol. 41, p. 29-Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and Methods

    Relations between pedestrians´ perceptions of traffic variables and appraisals of route environments as hindering – stimulating for walking as well as unsafe – safe for reasons of traffic, were studied in the inner urban area of Stockholm, Sweden (n = 294). The pedestrians used the Active Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES). Correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were used to study the relationships between the traffic variables and the outcome variables.

    Results

    Traffic noise relates negatively to both hindering – stimulating for walking, and to unsafety – safety for traffic reasons. Vehicle speed related negatively to unsafety – safety for traffic reasons. Furthermore, vehicle speed protrudes as an important origin of the deterring effects of traffic among those who commute by foot.

    Conclusion

    The study shows the value of both partial and simultaneous analyses of the effect of all four traffic variables in relation to outcome variables relevant for walking. 

  • 4.
    Andersson, Dan
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Pedestrians' perceptions of route environments in relation to deterring or facilitating walking2023In: Frontiers in Public Health, E-ISSN 2296-2565, Vol. 10, article id 1012222Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    Every walk takes place in a route environment, and it can play an important role in deterring or facilitating walking, and will always affect the environmental unwell – wellbeing of pedestrians. The aim of this study is to illuminate which the important route environmental variables are in this respect. The focus is therefore on pedestrians´ perceptions of route environmental variables and how they relate to overall appraisals of route environments as hindering – stimulating for walking and unsafe – safe for reasons of traffic. 

     

    Methods

    Commuting pedestrians in the inner urban area of Stockholm, Sweden (n = 294, 49.5 ± 10.4 years, 77% women), were recruited via advertisements. They evaluated their own commuting route environments using a self-report tool, the Active Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES). Correlation, multiple regression, and mediation analyses were used to study the relationships between the variables and the outcome variables.

     

    Results

    Aesthetics and greenery appear to strongly stimulate walking, whereas noise, a proxy for motorized traffic, hinders it. Furthermore, aesthetics is positively related to traffic safety, whereas conflicts have the opposite role. Conflicts is an intermediate outcome, representing several basic environmental variables, whereof some were directly and negatively related to unsafe – safe traffic.

     

    Conclusion 

    Route environmental variables appear to be potent factors in deterring or facilitating walking. This knowledge is of importance for policymakers and urban planners when designing route environments with the aim of attracting new pedestrians, and simultaneously stimulating those who already walk to keep on.

     

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  • 5.
    Andersson, Dan
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Trafikbuller – ett högljutt hot mot folkhälsan2022Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Bakgrund

    Regelbunden fysisk aktivitet har positiva hälsoeffekter, och många vill vara fysiskt aktiva, men upplever inte sällan olika hinder för det, till exempel tidsbrist. Att gå eller cykla till arbetet är därför en intressant möjlighet i detta sammanhang, då fysiskt aktiv arbetspendling ofta är tidseffektivt. Dessutom krävs sällan någon specialutrustning, startsträckan är kort och avstånden kan anpassas så att man går, cyklar hela eller delar av sträckan mellan hem och arbetsplats. Om färdvägsmiljön dessutom upplevs som stimulerande och trygg kan den sannolikt bidra till att upprätthålla ett beteende, och på så vis medverka till att många individer får en angelägen ”dos” fysisk aktivitet.  

    Studier av hur olika trafikvariabler samspelar, och hur dessa i sin tur påverkar vår uppfattning om en färdvägsmiljö ger inga entydiga svar. Syftet med denna studie var därför att studera de interna sambanden mellan fyra olika variabler relaterade till motortrafik: hastighet, flöde, buller och avgaser samt hur dessa, i olika kombinationer, inverkar på uppfattningen om en miljö är hindrande eller stimulerande respektive trygg eller otrygg för arbetspendling till fots.

    Metod

    294 arbetspendlande fotgängare (49.5 ± 10.4 år, 77 % kvinnor) rekryterades via annonser, och deras upplevelser av sina färdvägsmiljöer i Stockholms innerstad har nyttjats i våra analyser. Upplevelserna skattades med färdvägsmiljöskalan ”The Active Commuting Route Environment Scale” (ACRES). Den innehåller utfallsvariablerna hindrande-stimulerande färdvägsmiljö och otrygghet-trygghet i trafiken, samt ett antal miljöprediktorer, varav vi har nyttjat de fyra som är relaterade till motortrafik: flöde av motorfordon, hastighet, buller och avgaser.  Såväl trafikvariabler som utfallsvariabler skattades med 15-gradiga skalor. För att analysera sambanden mellan trafikvariablerna och utfallsvariablerna användes multipla regressionsanalyser. 

    Resultat

    Alla trafikvariabler var i sig själva negativt relaterade de båda utfallsvariablerna hindrande-stimulerande färdvägsmiljö och otrygghet-trygghet i trafiken. När istället de fyra trafikvariablerna analyserades samtidigt i förhållande till om miljön upplevdes som hindrande eller stimulerande samt otrygg eller trygg var det enbart buller som var negativt relaterad till de båda utfallsvariablerna. Hastighet hade en negativ roll i förhållande till trygghetsvariabeln. Analyserna visade dessutom att både flöde av motorfordon och hastighet förutspådde buller.

    Slutsatser

    Samtidigt som varje trafikvariabel är negativt relaterad till hur färdvägsmiljöer upplevs av fotgängare, framträder motorfordons buller och hastigheter som de variabler som är mest bekymmersamma för fotgängare. Studier som denna kan utgöra ett underlag för arbetet med att skapa attraktiva miljöer för fotgängare, och därmed bidra till bättre folkhälsa, förändrade pendlingsmönster i urbana miljöer samt ökad ekologisk hållbarhet.

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  • 6.
    Badland, Hannah
    et al.
    Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
    Oliver, Melody
    Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
    Duncan, Mitch
    Central Queensland University, Australia.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Measuring children´s independent mobility: Comparing objective and self-report approaches2011In: Children's Geographies, ISSN 1473-3285, E-ISSN 1473-3277, Vol. 9, no 2, p. 263-271Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 7.
    Bergstrand, Katarina
    et al.
    Sweden By Bike.
    Danielsson, Andreas
    Sweden Mountainbike.
    Karlsson, Leif
    Svensk Cykling.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Hur tänker egentligen Naturvårdsverket?: Debatt2024In: Svenska dagbladet, , p. 1article id 1 juniArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Debattartikeln tar upp Naturvårdsverkets förhållningssätt till att klassa elcykeln och att nyttja den för att besöka naturområden.

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  • 8. Bergström, Ylva
    et al.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Brunnsvikenguiden1992In: Hagabladet - en tidning för natur och kultur vid Haga-Brunnsviken, no 4-5, p. 3-8Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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    Brunnsvikenguiden
  • 9.
    Blomstrand, Eva
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Eva Blomstrand's research group.
    Ekblom, Björn
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Björn Ekblom's research group.
    Hedman, Rune
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Irma Åstrand: Nekrolog2016Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 10.
    Blomstrand, Eva
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Eva Blomstrand's research group.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Berit Sjöberg: 1939-20182019Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 11. Blücher, Gösta
    et al.
    Edmar, Désirée
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Eva Nordenson: nekrolog2014Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 12.
    Boushel, Robert
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Bengt Saltin: Nekrolog2014Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Bengt Saltin

    Professor Bengt Saltin, Stockholm, har avlidit i en ålder av 79 år. Hans närmast sörjande är Ann-Sofi Colling-Saltin med barnen Ola, Åsa, och Anna med familjer.  

    Bengt Saltin föddes i Ålsten den 3 juni 1935. Han växte upp med modern Margareta och sin sociale far, Sven Saltin, som båda var folkskolelärare. Under läroverkstiden i Södertälje fångade stadens apotekare upp vinnaren vid en terränglöpning och bjöd in honom till en orienteringskurs. Ett livslångt intresse skapades. De bästa ämnena i skolan, svenska språket och svensk litteratur, representerade ett annan viktig ådra. Men det skogliga lockade mest; han ville bli jägmästare. Modern sa dock nej; ”Du ska bli läkare!” Så blev det. Under studier vid Karolinska Institutet rekryterade fysiologen Ulf von Euler honom som amanuens. Bengt nämnde sitt intresse för idrott, varvid han introducerades för professor Erik Hohwü Christensen vid Kungl. Gymnastiska Centralinstitutet.

    Sommaren 1959 inleddes skolningen till arbetsfysiolog. Det första arbetet handlade om det intermittenta arbetets fysiologi, publicerades 1960, och bidrog till intervallträningens utveckling. Det blev tidigt uppenbart att Bengt hade en ovanlig talang för forskning. Efter en centralcirkulatorisk avhandling 1964, med Hohwü Christensen och Per-Olof Åstrand som handledare, visade han även prov på stor självständighet genom att utveckla en ny forskningslinje om skelettmuskulaturen. Den blev snart världsledande. Från 1973 fortsatte Bengt sin bana som professor vid Köpenhamns universitet. Med ett kort undantag vid Karolinska Institutet, förblev Köpenhamn basen för hans gärning. De sista knappa 20 åren ledde han Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, vars forskning redan är inskriven i vetenskapshistoriska läroböcker.

    Bengt hade en enorm arbetskapacitet, publicerade mer än 440 arbeten, och handledde drygt 40-50 doktorander. Han blev ledamot av Danmarks Kungliga Vetenskapsakademi, hedersdoktor vid tolv universitet, och fick Internationella Olympiska Kommitténs vetenskapliga pris, det finaste man kan få inom det rörelsevetenskapliga fältet. Men för att rätt förstå hans storhet bör man även ha mött honom som den oerhört stimulerande, generösa och stöttande människa han var, och fått ta del av de skarpa samhällsanalyserna samt utblickarna inom litteraturens, teaterns, operans och dansens världar. Han var beundrad av studenter över hela världen för den människa han var, för det arbete han utförde och för det han inspirerade till. Vi sörjer förlusten av en av de riktigt stora inom det arbetsfysiologiska fältet, och en ovanligt klok och vidsynt människa. 

     

    För vänner och kolleger

    Robert Boushel, professor

    Peter Schantz, professor

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  • 13.
    Ceci, Ruggero L.
    et al.
    Swedish Transport Adm, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Olsson, Karin
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Perceived Exertion Related To Physiological Measures Of Exercise Intensity - Comparing Cycling In Laboratory And Field2023In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise vol. 55(2023):S9, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023, Vol. 55, no 9, p. 841-841Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Dang, Phung
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Lundvall, Suzanne
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Engström, Lars-Magnus
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Tiden talar för fysiskt aktiv skolpendling2006In: Svensk Idrottsforskning: Organ för Centrum för Idrottsforskning, ISSN 1103-4629, no 3, p. 14-15Article in journal (Other academic)
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    FULLTEXT01
  • 15. De Vries, Sjerp
    et al.
    Claßen, Thomas
    Eigenheer-Hug, Stella-Maria
    Korpela, Kalevi
    Maas, Jolanda
    Mitchell, Richard
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Contributions of Natural Environments to Physical Activity: Theory and Evidence Base2011In: Forests, Trees and Human Health / [ed] Nilsson, K., Sangster, M., Gallis, C., Hartig, T., de Vries, S., Seeland, K.. & Schipperijn, J., Heidelberg: Springer Verlag , 2011, 1, p. 205-243Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The link between modern lifestyles and increasing levels of chronic heart disease, obesity, stress and poor mental health is a concern across the world. The cost of dealing with these conditions places a large burden on national public health budgets so that policymakers are increasingly looking at prevention as a cost-effective alternative to medical treatment. Attention is turning towards interactions between the environment and lifestyles. Exploring the relationships between health, natural environments in general, and forests in particular, this groundbreaking book is the outcome of the European Union’s COST Action E39 ‘Forests, Trees and Human Health and Wellbeing’, and draws together work carried out over four years by scientists from 25 countries working in the fields of forestry, health, environment and social sciences. While the focus is primarily on health priorities defined within Europe, this volume explicitly draws also on research from North America and elsewhere and will have relevance worldwide. A state-of-the-art analysis of the global research on the topic of forests and human health, a key contribution of the book is its synthesis of material across both disciplines and nations, providing a vital reference for researchers in forestry, health, natural resource management and environmental policy. Currently the only unified body of work on this topic, the book will also be an important tool for those working in both health and environment policy and practice.

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  • 16.
    Dittmer, Staffan
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH.
    Forsberg, Artur
    Betydelsen av grennära styrketräning för längdskidåkare1980In: Svensk skidsport : organ för Svenska skidförbundet, ISSN 0049-2671, no 9, p. 21-23Article in journal (Other academic)
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    FULLTEXT01
  • 17. Dovlén, Sylvia
    Lange, Ulrich
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Sjöström, Ingrid
    Bengt O H Johansson: 1934-2021. Nekrolog2021Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 18. Edmar, Désirée
    et al.
    Nyberg, Lars
    Johansson, Bengt O.H.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Sjöström, Ingrid
    Sture Koinberg: 1935-20182018Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 19. Elm, Klas
    et al.
    Brynell Johansson, Gunilla
    Strömgren, Lars
    Larsson, Lovisa
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Marjanovic, Arijana
    Oretorp, Henrik
    Forsberg, Bertil
    En ny nollvision som både räddar och förlänger liv2017In: Dagens Samhälle, ISSN 2002-5548, no 24 novemberArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Nollvisionen för trafiksäkerheten är cynisk. Infrastrukturminister Tomas Eneroth måste ta fram ett nytt mål bortom nollvisionen som inte bara förhindrar dödsolyckor i trafiken, utan som också räddar, förbättrar och förlänger liv i hela samhället. Ett transportsystem där folkhälsan går plus är möjligt nu när elcykelförsäljningen ökar dramatiskt, skriver forskare och initiativtagare till Moving Beyond Zero.

     

    Varje person som väljer att cykla istället för att ta bilen räddar liv. Minskad biltrafik leder till mindre avgasutsläpp och vägslitage. Det förbättrar livskvaliteten hos personer med andningsbesvär och gör att de globala klimatförändringarna som påverkar allas hälsa negativt minskar. Dessutom vet vi sedan länge att motion förbättrar hälsan.

    Sedan 20 år tillbaka styrs det svenska trafiksäkerhetsarbetet av målet att ingen ska dödas eller skadas allvarligt i trafiken. Inledningsvis var arbetet framgångsrikt och antalet omkomna i trafikolyckor minskade från omkring 540 per år till fjolårets 270. Varje dödsfall är ett för mycket, men i dag framstår nollvisionen som cynisk.

    Bilarnas trafiksäkerhet har under dessa år ökat på cyklisternas bekostnad. Nya vajerräcken är den vägåtgärd som i störst utsträckning bidragit till att minska olyckorna för bilister. Men det har gjort det omöjligt att cykla på vägen. Det är en förklaring till att cyklandet har minskat på landsbygden. Trafikverket slår sig för bröstet för att antalet dödade och skadade har minskat i en del av samhället när det samtidigt har inneburit att personer dör i en annan del.

    Trafikverkets översyn av Nollvisionen från 2016 beskriver hur olyckor för bilister ska förhindras. För cyklisterna ses olyckorna som “oundvikliga” och att skadorna ska lindras genom att cyklisterna ska sänka hastigheten samt bära fluorescerande kläder och skyddsutrustning. Krav på att cyklister ska skydda sig själva från farliga vägar och bilar riskerar att minska cyklandet.

    Detta är cyniskt, då det finns flera åtgärder som Trafikverket kan göra för att också förhindra cykelolyckor. Trafikverkets egna beräkningar visar att säkrare cykelinfrastruktur skulle leda till 78 färre allvarligt skadade cyklister per år.  Sänkt hastighet i tätbebyggt område och bättre vinterväghållning för cyklister skulle leda till 48 respektive 38 färre allvarligt skadade per år.

    Men istället för att satsa på det som skulle öka cyklingen och göra den säkrare har de senaste tjugo åren inneburit motsatsen. Nu gör elcykelpremien att försäljningen av elcyklar ökar dramatiskt och nyligen utsågs elcykeln till årets julklapp. Nu finns det möjligheter att tänka nytt i trafikpolitiken.

    Nyttorna med ökad aktiv mobilitet, såsom gång och cykling, är så mycket större än trafiksäkerhet. I jämförelse med olycksriskerna är hälsoeffekterna 20 gånger större. I Sverige dör varje år 1 500 personer på grund av luftföroreningar och vägdamm från trafiken, och flera 1000-tals personer dör varje år i förtid på grund av fysiskt inaktiv livsstil.

    Därför behöver Sverige en ny nollvision som räddar, förbättrar och förlänger liv istället för att så få som möjligt ska dödas eller skadas. Ett sådant mål kan bara nås genom att främja aktiv mobilitet. 

    Klas Elm

    Svensk Cykling

     

    Gunilla Brynell Johansson

    VD, Vätternrundan

     

    Lars Strömgren

    European Cyclists’ Federation

     

    Lovisa Larsson

    Trafiksäkerhetsrådet

     

    Peter Schantz

    Professor, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan (GIH)

     

    Arijana Marjanovic

    Cykelfrämjandet

     

    Henrik Oretorp

    Svenska Cykelstäder

     

    Bertil Forsberg

    Professor, Umeå Universitet

  • 20.
    Engström, Lars-Magnus
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH.
    Åstrand, Per-Olof
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH.
    Almgren, Ulf
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH.
    Dunberger, Bertil
    Olle Halldén: Nekrolog2005Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Olle Halldén var en svensk pionjär och centralgestalt inom pedagogik och humaniora inom kroppsövningsområdet i Sverige. Han var utbildad till gymnastikdirektör och under många år lärare vid Kungl. Gymnastiska Centralinsitutet/Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan i Stockholm. 

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  • 21. Fernström, Erik
    Henriks, Anders
    Linder, Sven-Gunnar
    Pettersson, Gunnar
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Fjällmarsch Trantre1979Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Under vintern 1978 genomfördes Fjällmarsch TranTre på skidor av de sex unga män som har skrivit denna dokumentation av skidturen. Den startade den 1 mars i Transtrand och fortsatte längs den svenska fjällkedjan upp till Treriksröset. Därefter färdades de söderut till tågstationen Torne träsk, som de kom till den 27 april. De hade då tillryggalagt en sträcka på 1500 km under 50 dagar.

    Texterna handlar om deltagarna, deras förberedelser, färdvägen, dagsetapperna, utrustningen, packningen, maten, lägerplatserna, fotvården, skidorna, vädret, solen, kylan, sömnen, samt djuren och naturen.  

    Det fysiska arbetet studerades vetenskapligt och gav upphov till fyra publikationer som anges nedan som olika poster i DiVA:

    • Schantz, Peter et al. 1982. Training-induced increase in myofibrillar ATPase intermediate fibers in human skeletal muscle. Muscle & Nerve 5:628-636.

    • Schantz, Peter et al. 1983. Adaptation of human skeletal muscle to endurance training of long duration. Clin. Physiol 3:141-151.

    • Schantz, Peter. 1986. Plasticity of human skeletal muscle - with special reference to effectsof physical training on enzyme levels of the NADH shuttles and phenotypicexpression of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar proteins, Acta Physiol Scand, vol 128, Suppl.558, pp 1-64. 

    • Schantz, Peter. 1980. Långtur - om 150 turåkning längs den svenska fjällkedjan. Stockholm: Trygg-Hansa.
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  • 22. Fernström, Erik
    et al.
    Forsell, Claes
    Henriks, Anders
    Linder, Sven-Gunnar
    Petersson, Gunnar
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Die Gebirgsexpedition Trantre1979Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [de]

    Im Winter 1978 wurde die Gebirgsexpedition „Fjällmarsch TranTre“ von sechs jungen Männern auf Skiern durchgeführt. Er begann am 1. März in Transtrand und ging entlang der schwedischen Bergkette bis nach Treriksröset. Dann reisten sie nach Süden zum Torne Träsk bahnhof, den sie am 27. April erreichten.

    Sie wanderten 50 Tage lang und legten eine Strecke von 1500 km zurück. Die jungen Männer dokumentierten ihre Skireise und die verfassten Texte handeln von ihren Vorbereitungen, der Reiseroute, den Etappen, der Ausrüstung, dem Gepäck, dem Essen, den Campingplätzen, der Fußpflege, den Skiern, dem Wetter, der Sonne, der Kälte, dem Schlaf sowie den Tieren und der Natur.

    Die körperliche Anstrengung wurde wissenschaftlich untersucht und führte zu vier Veröffentlichungen, die nachfolgend als verschiedene Einträge in digitales wissenschaftliches Archiv (DiVA) aufgeführt sind:

    • Schantz, Peter et al. 1982. Training-induced increase in myofibrillar ATPase intermediate fibers in human skeletal muscle. Muscle & Nerve 5:628-636.

    • Schantz, Peter et al. 1983. Adaptation of human skeletal muscle to endurance training of long duration. Clin. Physiol 3:141-151.

    • Schantz, Peter. 1986. Plasticity of human skeletal muscle - with special reference to effectsof physical training on enzyme levels of the NADH shuttles and phenotypicexpression of slow and fast isoforms of myofibrillar proteins, Acta Physiol Scand, vol 128, Suppl.558, pp 1-64. 

    • Schantz, Peter. 1980. Långtur - om 150 turåkning längs den svenska fjällkedjan. Stockholm: Trygg-Hansa.
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  • 23.
    Forsberg, Artur
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Styrkans betydelse vid längdåkning1979In: Svensk skidsport : organ för Svenska skidförbundet, ISSN 0049-2671, no 9, p. 21-24Article in journal (Other academic)
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 24.
    Gerhardt, Karin
    Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet.
    Skelton, Alasdair (Contributor)
    Stockholms universitet.
    Hamrin, Kerstin (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics.
    Lindstam, Jacob (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Movement, Culture and Society.
    ten Siethoff, Lasse (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics.
    Schantz, Peter (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Hoy, Sara (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Movement, Culture and Society.
    Al Fakir, Ida (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Movement, Culture and Society.
    Lundquist Wanneberg, Pia (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Movement, Culture and Society.
    Thedin Jakobsson, Britta (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Movement, Culture and Society.
    Buller, Daniel (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Movement, Culture and Society.
    Nordin-Bates, Sanna (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Psilander, Niklas (Contributor)
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics.
    Nog nu, politiker – ta klimatkrisen på allvar: 1 944 svenska forskare och anställda i forskarvärlden: Vad är det ni inte förstår?2022In: article id 25 augustiArticle in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 25. Henriksson, Jan
    et al.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Wallberg, Harriet
    Per-Olof Åstrand: Nekrolog2015Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Nekrolog över Per-Olof Åstrand

    Professor emeritus Per-Olof Åstrand har avlidit i en ålder av 92 år. Hans närmaste anhöriga är makan Irma och barnen Elin och Per med familjer.

    Per-Olof Åstrand föddes i Bredaryd i Småland den 21 oktober 1922, och avled den 2 januari 2015 i Näsby Park norr om Stockholm. Efter värnplikt och beredskapstjänstgöring i pansartrupperna under andra världskriget kom han 1944 till Kungl. Gymnastiska Centralinstitutet (GCI/GIH) för studier till gymnastiklärare. Vid sluttentamen i fysiologi var hans svar så avancerade att den ansvarige läraren bad professorn, Erik Hohwü Christensen, att rätta dem. Kort därefter fick GCI:s fysiologiska institution en ny amanuens.

    Efter gymnastikdirektörsexamen 1946 följde läkarstudier, och parallellt med dessa inleddes avhandlingsarbetet  ”Experimental studies of physical working capacity in relation to sex and age”, som försvarades 1952. Genom detta utvecklades en metodik för att mäta maximal syreupptagning. Det blev en avgörande variabel att relatera till i hans senare forskning om den cirkulatoriska och respiratoriska anpassningen till fysiskt arbete och träning. Det submaximala konditionstest som P.-O., och hans blivande hustru Irma Ryhming, publicerade år 1954 bidrog till att göra GCI känt över världen. Det finns fog att benämna honom som ”den vetenskapligt baserade konditionsträningens fader”. 1970 blev han professor i kroppsövningarnas fysiologi vid GIH.

    P.-O. visade tidigt ett stort intresse för undervisning, och många mötte honom i populärvetenskapliga skrifter såsom ”Kondition och hälsa” och ”Bättre kondition”, men det var genom den omfattande läroboken ”Textbook of Work Physiology: Physiological Bases for Exercise”, skriven tillsammans med Kaare Rodahl, som han blev det riktigt stora namnet inom internationell arbetsfysiologi. Där framträdde holisten Åstrand med en bredd och ett djup som ingen förr hade fångat och skrivit fram. Denna bok, P.-O:s pedagogiska förmåga och engagemang har haft avgörande betydelse för många studenter och kolleger.

    Hans gärningar gjorde honom till ledamot i många lärda sällskap och hedersdoktor vid ett antal universitet ute i världen. Därtill var han en hedersman, med en personlighet präglad av en stor omtanke, slagkraftig humor och generös spiritualitet, ofta med inslag av en särpräglad musikalisk förmåga. För oss som studenter och lärare vid GIH kom samvaron med P.-O. ofta att formas till högtidsstunder. En legendar har nu lämnat oss i djupaste sorg, men också i tacksamhet över allt han bidrog med i våra liv.

    Jan Henriksson

    Hans Rosdahl

    Peter Schantz

    Harriet Wallberg

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  • 26. Holm, Lennart
    et al.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Inledning2002In: Nationalstadsparken – ett experiment i hållbar utveckling: Studier av värdefrågor, lagtillämpning och utvecklingslinjer. / [ed] Holm, Lennart & Schantz, Peter, Stockholm: Forskningsrådet Formas, 2002, p. 9-20Chapter in book (Other academic)
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  • 27. Holm, Lennart
    et al.
    Schantz, PeterSwedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Nationalstadsparken: ett experiment i hållbar utveckling: studier av värdefrågor, lagtillämpning och utvecklingslinjer2002Collection (editor) (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det historiska landskapet Ulriksdal-Haga-Brunnsviken-Djurgården är Sveriges äldsta och mest besökta tätortsnära frilufts- och rekreationsområde. Det ligger mitt i Stor-Stockholm vid gränsen mellan skärgården och Mälardalen, är rikt på kulturella minnen och har en intressant biologisk mångfald.

    Närheten till storstaden gör detta landskap lätt tillgängligt för allmänheten. Men närheten gör det också attraktivt för olika slag av exploateringar. 1995 fick området därför skydd som Sveriges första nationalstadspark genom ett enhälligt beslut i riksdagen.

    Syftet med lagstiftningen är att förstärka områdets natur-, kultur- och rekreationsvärden samt att värna den biologiska mångfalden. Och regeringen menade att dess förslag kunde förväntas "medföra en stor samhällsekonomisk vinst för Stockholmsregionen genom att främja en uthållig samhällsutveckling och en god livsmiljö för boende och företag i regionen".

    I denna bok belyses hur lagstiftningen har tillämpats och vilka lärdomar som kan dras efter nationalstadsparkens första sju år. Här diskuteras också frågor kring natur- och kulturvärden och behov av utvecklingslinjer vad gäller såväl förvaltning, rättstillämpning som lagstiftning.

    Nationalstadsparken har liknats vid ett experiment i hållbar utveckling och är på så sätt av intresse för alla dem som intresserar sig för och brottas med frågor om hur en hållbar samhällsutveckling ska kunna uppnås. Boken vänder sig därför till såväl allmänheten, tjänstemän och politiker som till studerande och forskare i alla ämnen.

    (Baksidestext)

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  • 28.
    Johansson, Christer
    et al.
    Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
    Lövenheim, Boel
    Environment and Health Administration, SLB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Almström, Peter
    WSP Civils, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Markstedt, Anders
    WSP Civils, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Strömgren, Magnus
    Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden .
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Nilsson Sommar, Johan
    Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Impacts of air pollution and health by changing commuting from car to bicycle2017In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 584-585, p. 55-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Our study is based on individual data on people’s home and work addresses, as well as their age, sex and physical capacity, in order to establish realistic bicycle-travel distances. A transport model is used to single out data on commuting preferences in the County Stockholm. Our analysis shows there is a very large potential for reducing emissions and exposure if all car drivers living within a distance corresponding to a maximum of a 30 minute bicycle ride to work would change to commuting by bicycle. It would result in more than 111 000 new cyclists, corresponding to an increase of 209% compared to the current situation.

    Mean population exposure would be reduced by about 7% for both NOx and black carbon (BC) in the most densely populated area of the inner city of Stockholm. Applying a relative risk for NOx of 8% decrease in all-cause mortality associated with a 10 µg m-3 decrease in NOx, this corresponds to more than 449 (95% CI: 340 - 558) years of life saved annually for the Stockholm county area with 2.1 million inhabitants. This is more than double the effect of the reduced mortality estimated for the introduction of congestion charge in Stockholm in 2006. Using NO2 or BC as indicator of health impacts, we obtain 395 (95% CI: 172 - 617) and 185 (95% CI: 158 - 209) years of life saved for the population, respectively. The calculated exposure of BC and its corresponding impacts on mortality are likely underestimated. With this in mind the estimates using NOx, NO2 and BC show quite similar health impacts considering the 95% confidence intervals.

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  • 29.
    Lundvall, Suzanne
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    200 years of physical education teacher education: An overview of movement practices2016In: Researching Embodied Sport: Exploring Movement Cultures / [ed] Ian Wellard, Oxon, England: Routledge, 2016, p. 30-46Chapter in book (Other academic)
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  • 30.
    Lundvall, Suzanne
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    A 200-year perspective and future challenges: Physical activities and their relation to physical education2013In: Gender In Physical Culture The 2013 Meeting: Transnational working group for the study of gender and sport, 2013Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Over time the chosen bodily movement practices within Physical education and health (PEH) have created tensions in terms of power and control over what has been seen as legitimate in the educational sector of physical culture. The aim of the study has been to, through a macro level overview and by using a model, illuminate how different bodily movement practices in the world’s oldest physical education teacher education (PETE) have emerged over time, become embedded, remain, fade or disappear. By following this continuity and discontinuity of practices, four distinct phases have been identified and their contextual background is described.

    The theoretical departure point is inspired by the work of Bourdieu. The analytical focus have been placed on how deliberate forms of bodily movement practices within the studied PETE program came to be defined and regulated through meaning making principles, or in other words: logic of practices (Bourdieu 1984, 1990). This departure point makes it possible to analyze how aspects of investment and intrinsic values have been put forward and related to views on body, gender and health.

    Findings: The first phase is characterized by the establishment of Ling gymnastics from early 1800s, and its gradual fall in the 1900s. Next phase started in the late 1800s and dealt with the introduction of sport and outdoor life. The third relates to the rise and fall of a separate female gymnastics practice during the 1900s. The fourth phase is characterized by the introduction of everyday life physical activities in the beginning of the new millennium. The overview is followed by reflections on the future content of bodily movement practices and sought for values in PETE and physical education in the school system, seen from a gender perspective.

  • 31.
    Lundvall, Suzanne
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Forskningsgruppen för pedagogik, idrott och fritidskultur.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Physical Activities and Their Relation to Physical Education: A 200-Year Perspective and Future Challenges2013In: The Global Journal of Health and Physical Education Pedagogy, ISSN 2160-2570, Vol. 2, no 1, p. 1-16Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this macrolevel overview, a model of the multiplicity of the field of bodily movement cultures is initially presented. The model is then used to illuminate how different bodily movement practices emerged over time, became embedded, remained, faded, or disappeared in the world’s oldest physical education teacher education (PETE) program. Through thiscontinuity and discontinuity of practices, five distinct phases are identified, although sometimes intertwined, and their contextual background is described. The first phase is characterized by the establishment of Ling gymnastics from the early 19thcentury and by its fall in the 20thcentury. The next phase started in the late 19thcentury and dealt with the introduction of sportsand outdoor life. During a third phase, sports became the dominating movement practice. The fourth phase is related to the rise and fall of a separate female gymnastics culture during the 20thcentury. The fifth phase is characterized by the introduction of everyday life physical activities at the beginning of the new millennium. The overview is followed by reflections on the future content of bodily movement practices and sought-after values in PETE and physical education in the school system.

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  • 32.
    Lundvall, Suzanne
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Movement, Culture and Society.
    Svärd, Mattias
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Närfriluftsliv, hållbarhet och hälsa: En alternativ didaktisk praktik2023In: Didaktiske praksiser i lærerutdanning: Steder i et landskap, / [ed] Gunn Engelsrud, Bjørg Oddrun Hallås, Suzanne Lundvall, Aslaug Nyrnes, Ove Olsen Sæle og Tobias Christoph Werler, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget , 2023, 1 uppl., p. 182-200Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 33. Lövenheim, Boel
    et al.
    Johansson, Christer
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment. Riksidrottsförbundet.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Almström, Peter
    Berglund, Svante
    Markstedt, Anders
    Nilsson Sommar, Johan
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Health risk assessment of reduced air pollution exposure when changing commuting by car to bike2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this study we have assessed the reduction in traffic emissions and population exposure assuming all potential car commuters would switch to biking if they live within 30 minute travel by bike. The scenario would result in more than 100 000 new bikers and due to the reduced traffic emissions 42 premature deaths would be avoided per year. This is almost twice as large effect as the congestion tax in Stockholm.

     

     

    Introduction

    Regular physical activity has important and wide-ranging health benefits including reduced risk of chronic disease, and physical inactivity is mentioned as perhaps the most important public health problem of the 21st century. At the same time, the direct effects of traffic emissions is a major health problem. Transferring commuting by car to bike will increase physical activity and reduce emissions and reduce population exposure to traffic pollution. The exposure of commuters will also change; new bikers may get higher exposure whilst old bikers and car drivers may get lower exposures, depending on commuting route and distance.

     

    Methodology

    In this study we have calculated the potential number of car-to-bike switching commuters depending on distance, travel time, age of commuters, etc. We have made calculations for a 30-minute biking scenario, i.e. transferring all car commuters to bike if their travel time by bike is less than or equal to 30 minutes. The commuting distance depends on age and sex. For the travel and traffic modelling the LuTrans model was used. It includes all different modes of travel; walking, bicycling, public transport systems and car traffic. The model was developed based on travel survey data and is regularly calibrated using traffic counts. Emissions from road traffic were calculated based on HBEFA 3.2. A Gaussian dispersion model was used estimate exposures over the county of Stockholm.

     

    Results

    The 30 min scenario resulted in 106 881 more bikers, an increase of 2.6 times compared to base scenario. Of all bikers 50% were men and the mean age of all bikers was 42. The traffic emissions of NOx was reduced by up to 7%. Up to 20% reduction in traffic contribution to NOx concentrations was calculated as shown in Figure 1. The mean reduction in concentration for the whole area is 6% and the largest occur were most people live.

    The population weighted mean NOx concentration for 1.6 million people in Greater Stockholm is estimated to be reduced by 0.41 μg m-3. Assuming that the premature mortality is reduced by 8% per 10 μg m-3 (Nafstad et al., 2004), this corresponds to 42 avoided premature deaths every year or 514 gained life years gained. This is even somewhat more beneficial than the effects of the congestion charge in Stockholm (Johansson et al., 2009), which was estimated to save 27 premature deaths per year. The gain in reduced mortality is almost as large as the gain in health of the increased physical activity.

     

    Conclusions

    Transferring car commuters to bike is not only beneficial for the physical activity, but will also lead to reduced traffic emissions and reduced population exposure. Our estimates show that it may be even more beneficial for mortality due to air pollution exposure than the congestion charge in Stockholm.

     

    Acknowledgement

    This project was funded by the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working life and Welfare.

     

    References

    Johansson, C., Burman, L., Forsberg, B. 2009. The effects of congestions tax on air quality and health. Atmos. Environ. 43, 4843-4854.

    Nafstad, P., Lund Håheim, L., Wisloeff, T., Gram, G., Oftedal, B., Holme, I., Hjermann, I. and Leren, P. 2004. Urban Air Pollution and Mortality in a Cohort of Norwegian Men. Environ. Health Perspect. 112, 610-615.

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  • 34. Markkola, Gunilla
    et al.
    Ruhn, Anita
    Antskog, Kurt
    Antskog, Bibbi
    Lindblom, Gerd
    Lindblom, Erik
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Lundvall, Suzanne
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Greger Carpelan: 1923-20172017Other (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 35.
    Nilsson, Johnny
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Att utveckla idrottsundervisningen i skolan1990In: Undervisa i idrott: Idrottsämnets didaktik / [ed] Claes Annerstedt, Lund: Studentlitteratur , 1990, Vol. S. 152-158 : ill., p. 152-158Chapter in book (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 36.
    Nilsson, Johnny
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Schantz, Peter
    Muskelfunktion vid löpning: variation i längd och funktion hos höft- och knäledsmuskulatur...1986Book (Other academic)
  • 37.
    Nilsson Sommar, Johan
    et al.
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Johansson, Christer
    Stockholm University, Sweden ; Environment and Health Administration, SLB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Löwenheim, Boel
    Environment and Health Administration, SLB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Markstedt, Anders
    WSP Civils, Stockholm, Sweden..
    Strömgren, Magnus
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Stigson, Helena
    Folksam Research, Stockholm, Sweden ; Karolinska institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Overall health impacts of a potential increase in cycle commuting in Stockholm, Sweden2022In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, ISSN 1403-4948, E-ISSN 1651-1905, Vol. 50, p. 552-564Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: To estimate the overall health impact of transferring commuting trips from car to bicycle..

    Design and setting: In this study registry information on location of home and work for residents in the County of Stockholm was used to obtain the shortest travel route on a network of bicycle paths and roads. Current modes of travel to work were based on travel survey data. The relation between duration of cycling and distance cycled was established as a basis for selecting the number of individuals that normally would drive a car to their work place, but have a distance to work that they could bicycle within 30 minutes. The change in traffic flows was estimated by a transport model (LuTrans) and effects on road traffic injuries and fatalities were estimated by using national hospital injury data. Effects on air pollution concentrations were modelled using dispersion models.

    Results: Within the scenario, 111 000 commuters would shift from car to bicycle. This corresponds to 32% of the existing car commuters. On average the increased physical activity reduced the one-year mortality risk by 12% among the additional bicyclists corresponding to 16 fewer premature deaths per year. Including the number of years lost due to morbidity, the total number of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) gained was 696. The amount of DALYs per year gained in the general population due to reduced air pollution concentrations at home addresses was 471. The number of DALYs lost by traffic injuries was 176. Including also air pollution effects among bicyclists, the scenario was calculated to each year give a net benefit of 939 DALYs.

    Conclusion: The health impact assessment of transferring commuting by car to bicycle estimated large health benefits even then considering injuries and air pollution exposure among bicyclists.

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  • 38.
    Nilsson Sommar, Johan
    et al.
    Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Strömgren, Magnus
    Department of Geography, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden..
    Forsberg, Bertil
    Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Potential for reduced premature mortality by current and increased bicycle commuting: a health impact assessment using registry data on home and work addresses in Stockholm, Sweden.2021In: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, ISSN 2055-7647, Vol. 7, no 1, article id e000980Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objectives: The study aims to make use of individual data to estimate the impact on premature mortality due to both existing commuter bicycling and the potential impact due to increased physical activity through shifting transport mode from car commuting to bicycling.

    Methods: Using registry data on home and work addresses for the population of Stockholm County the shortest bicycling route on a network of bicycle paths and roads was retrieved. Travel survey data were used to establish current modes of commuting. The relation between duration of bicycling and distance bicycled within the general population in 2015 was established as a basis for identifying individuals that currently drive a car to work but were estimated to have the physical capacity to bicycle to work within 30 min. Within this mode-shift scenario from car-to-bike the duration of bicycling per week was estimated, both among current and potential bicycle commuters. The health impact assessment (HIA) on mortality due to bicycle commuting physical activity was estimated using the same relative risk as within the WHO Health Economic Assessment Tool.

    Results: The current number of bicycle commuters were 53 000, and the scenario estimated an additional 111 000. Their mean bicycle distances were 4.5 and 3.4 km, respectively. On average these respective amounts of physical activity reduced the yearly mortality by 16% and 12%, resulting in 11.3 and 16.2 fewer preterm deaths per year.

    Conclusion: The HIA of transferring commuting by car to bicycle estimated large health benefits due to increased physical activity.

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  • 39.
    Olsson, Karin
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Are heart rate methods based on ergometer cycling and level treadmill walking interchangeable?2020In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 15, no 8, article id e02373Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction. The heart rate (HR) method is a promising approach for evaluating oxygen uptake (V̇O2), energy demands and exercise intensities in different forms of physical activities. It would be valuable if the HR method, established on ergometer cycling, is interchangeable with other regular activities, such as level walking. This study therefore aimed to examine the interchangeability of the HR method when estimating V̇O2 for ergometer cycling and level treadmill walking in submaximal conditions. 

     

    Methods. Two models of HR-V̇O2 regression equations for cycle ergometer exercise (CEE) and treadmill exercise (TE) were established with 34 active commuters. Model 1 consisted of three submaximal intensities of ergometer cycling or level walking, model 2 included also one additional workload of maximal ergometer cycling or running. The regression equations were used for estimating V̇O2 with seven individual HR values based on 25-85% of HR reserve (HRR). The V̇O2 estimations were compared between CEE and TE, within and between each model.

     

    Results. Only minor, and in most cases non-significant, average differences were observed when comparing the estimated V̇O2 levels between CEE and TE. Model 1 ranged from -0.4 to 4.8% (n.s.) between 25-85 %HRR. In model 2, the differences between 25-65 %HRR ranged from 1.3 to -2.7% (n.s.). At the two highest intensities, 75 and 85 %HRR, V̇O2 was slightly lower (3.7%, 4.4%; P < 0.05), for CEE than TE. The inclusion of maximal exercise in the HR-V̇O2 relationships reduced the individual V̇O2 variations between the two exercise modalities.

     

    Conclusion. The HR methods, based on submaximal ergometer cycling and level walking, are interchangeable for estimating mean V̇O2 levels between 25-85% of HRR. Essentially, the same applies when adding maximal exercise in the HR-V̇O2 relationships. The inter-individual V̇O2 variation between ergometer cycling and treadmill exercise is reduced when using the HR method based on both submaximal and maximal workloads.

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  • 40.
    Olsson, Karin Sofia Elisabeth
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Ceci, Ruggero
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health. The Unit for Road Safety, Planning Department, Swedish Transport Administration, Solna, Sweden.
    Wahlgren, Lina
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
    Perceived exertion can be lower when exercising in field versus indoors2024In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 19, no 5, article id e0300776Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Studies indicate that the rated perceived exertion (RPE) during physical exercise can be lower in field environments than indoors. The environmental conditions of those studies are explored. Furthermore, we study if the same phenomenon is valid when cycling indoors versus in cycle commuting environments with high levels of stimuli from both traffic and suburban-urban elements. 

    Methods: Twenty commuter cyclists underwent measurements of heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and RPE assessments for breathing and legs, respectively, while cycling in both laboratory and field conditions. A validated mobile metabolic system was used in the field to measure V̇O2. Three submaximal cycle ergometer workloads in the laboratory were used to establish linear regression equations between RPE and % of HR reserve (%HRR) and %V̇O2max, separately. Based on these equations, RPE from the laboratory was predicted and compared with RPE levels at the participants’ individual cycle commutes at equal intensities. The same approach was used to predict field intensities and for comparisons with corresponding measured intensities at equal RPE levels.    

    Results: The predicted RPE levels based on the laboratory cycling were significantly higher than the RPE levels in cycle commuting at equal intensities (67% of HRR; 65% of V̇O2max). For breathing, the mean RPE levels were; 14.0-14.2 in the laboratory and 12.6 in the field. The corresponding levels for legs were; 14.0-14.2 and 11.5. The range of predicted field intensities in terms of %HRR and %V̇O2max was 46-56%, which corresponded to median differences of 19-30% compared to the measured intensities in field at equal RPE.  

    Conclusion: The cycle commuters perceived a lower exertion during their cycle commutes compared to ergometer cycling in a laboratory at equal exercise intensities. This may be due to a higher degree of external stimuli in field, although influences from other possible causes cannot be ruled out.

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  • 41.
    Olsson, Karin Sofia Elisabeth
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Interchangeability and optimization of heart rate methods for estimating oxygen uptake in ergometer cycling, level treadmill walking and running.2022In: BMC Medical Research Methodology, E-ISSN 1471-2288, Vol. 22, no 1, article id 55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    BACKGROUND: The heart rate (HR) method enables estimating oxygen uptake (V̇O2) in physical activities. However, there is a paucity in knowledge about the interchangeability of this method when applied to cycling, walking and running. Furthermore, with the aim of optimization, there is a need to compare different models for establishing HR-V̇O2 relationships.

    METHODS: Twenty-four physically active individuals (12 males and 12 females) participated. For each participant, two models of HR-V̇O2 relationships were individually established in ergometer cycling, level treadmill walking and running. Model 1 consisted of five submaximal workloads, whereas model 2 included also a maximal workload. Linear regression equations were used to estimate V̇O2 at seven intensity levels ranging between 25 and 85% of heart rate reserve (HRR). The estimated V̇O2 levels were compared between the exercise modalities and models, as well as with data from a previous study.

    RESULTS: A high level of resemblance in estimated V̇O2 was noted between running and cycling as well as between running and walking, with both model 1 and model 2. When comparing walking and cycling, the V̇O2 levels for given intensities of %HRR were frequently slightly higher in walking with both models (range of significant differences: 5-12%). The variations of the estimated individual V̇O2 values were reduced when using model 2 compared to model 1, both between and within the exercise modalities.

    CONCLUSION: The HR method is optimized by more workloads and wider ranges. This leads to overall high levels of interchangeability when HR methods are applied in ergometer cycling, level treadmill walking and running.

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  • 42.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, The Laboratory of Applied Sports Science (LTIV). Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment. Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Motor Control.
    Gullstrand, Lennart
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Johansson, Patrik
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Björn Ekblom's and Mats Börjesson's research group.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Evaluation of the Oxycon Mobile metabolic system against the Douglas bag method.2010In: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 109, no 2, p. 159-171Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The aim of this study was to evaluate two versions of the Oxycon Mobile portable metabolic system (OMPS1 and OMPS2) in a wide range of oxygen uptake, using the Douglas bag method (DBM) as criterion method. The metabolic variables VO2, VCO2, respiratory exchange ratio and VE were measured during submaximal and maximal cycle ergometer exercise with sedentary, moderately trained individuals and athletes as participants. Test-retest reliability was investigated using the OMPS1. The coefficients of variation varied between 2 and 7% for the metabolic parameters measured at different work rates and resembled those obtained with the DBM. With the OMPS1, systematic errors were found in the determination of VO2 and VCO2. At submaximal work rates VO2 was 6-14% and VCO2 5-9% higher than with the DBM. At VO2max both VO2 and VCO2 were slightly lower as compared to DBM (-4.1 and -2.8% respectively). With OMPS2, VO2 was determined accurately within a wide measurement range (about 1-5.5 L min(-1)), while VCO2 was overestimated (3-7%). VE was accurate at submaximal work rates with both OMPS1 and OMPS2, whereas underestimations (4-8%) were noted at VO2max. The present study is the first to demonstrate that a wide range of VO2 can be measured accurately with the Oxycon Mobile portable metabolic system (second generation). Future investigations are suggested to clarify reasons for the small errors noted for VE and VCO2 versus the Douglas bag measurements, and also to gain knowledge of the performance of the device under applied and non-laboratory conditions.

  • 43.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Validation of data collected with mobile metabolic measurement systems over time during active commuting2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction

    With the aim of attaining valid descriptions of metabolic demands during active commuting in greater Stockholm new approaches have been used. We have previously reported evaluations of a mobile metabolic measurement system both in the laboratory (Rosdahl et al. 2010) and during simulated field conditions, including check of stability over time (Salier-Eriksson et al. 2012). However, to be confident with the validity of the metabolic data collected over time during mobile field conditions we have used new approaches. 

    Methods

    During the period of data collection in the field with the mobile metabolic system (Oxycon Mobile, JLAB 5.21, CareFusion, Germany) this was controlled once by the manufacturer and 11 times in our own laboratory using a commercially available metabolic calibrator (Vacumed, syringe No.1750 and mass flow controller No. 17052, Ventura, CA, USA).  On each occasion VO2 and VCO2 were checked between 1 - 4 L/min with the corresponding VE at 40-160 L/minute and tidal volume at 2 L. The calibration information (offset, gain and delay time) from the O2 and CO2 analyzers and volume sensor, being collected pre and post the field commuting tests, was analyzed. Additionally, the results of each experiment was critically examined in several means including an inspection of parallelism in heart rate and VO2. 

    Results and Discussion

    As examined with the metabolic calibrator, all parameters (VO2, VCO2, RER and VE) measured by the mobile metabolic system were in general well within the boundaries of acceptance. Adequate stability of the O2 and CO2 analyzers and volume sensors for the time duration of each experiment was confirmed by small differences in the pre- and post-calibration factors. Based on two researchers´ ocular inspections of heart rate and oxygen uptake recordings during active commuting, all but one were rated as generally parallel, and thus passed this type of check of the field measurements. Overall, the present investigation favors that data collected over time with a mobile metabolic system can be validated by a combination of metabolic calibrator measurements, analyses of calibration information and a critical examination of the variables from each single measurement.

    References

    Rosdahl, H., Gullstrand, L., Salier Eriksson, J., Johansson, P. & Schantz, P. 2010. Evaluation of the Oxycon Mobile metabolic system against the Douglas bag method. Eur J Appl Physiol 109 (2):159-71.

    Salier Eriksson, J., Rosdahl, H. & Schantz, P. 2012. Validity of the Oxycon Mobile metabolic system under field measuring conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol, 112 (1): 345-355.

    Huszczuk, A., Whipp, B.J and Wasserman, K. 1990. A respiratory gas exchange simulator for routine calibration in metabolic studies. Eur. Respir. J. 3:465-468.

  • 44.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Salier-Eriksson, Jane
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Measurements of Metabolic Profiles of Commuting Pedestrians and Cyclists using Validated Indirect Calorimetry2010In: Proceedings from The 3rd International Congress on Physical Activity and Public Health, Toronto, May, 5-8, 2010, 2010, p. 36-Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Olsson, Karin
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Physical Activity and Health.
    Heart Rate Methods Can Be Valid for Estimating Intensity Spectrums of Oxygen Uptake in Field Exercise.2021In: Frontiers in Physiology, E-ISSN 1664-042X, Vol. 12, article id 687566Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: Quantifying intensities of physical activities through measuring oxygen uptake (V̇O2) is of importance for understanding the relation between human movement, health and performance. This can in principle be estimated by the heart rate (HR) method, based on the linear relationship between HR and V̇O2 established in the laboratory. It needs, however, to be explored whether HR methods, based on HR-V̇O2 relationships determined in the laboratory, are valid for estimating spectrums of V̇O2 in field exercise. We hereby initiate such studies, and use cycle commuting as the form of exercise.

    Methods: Ten male and ten female commuter cyclists underwent measurements of HR and V̇O2 while performing ergometer cycling in a laboratory and a normal cycle commute in the metropolitan area of Stockholm County, Sweden. Two models of individual HR-V̇O2 relationships were established in the laboratory through linear regression equations. Model 1 included three submaximal work rates, whereas model 2 also involved a maximal work rate. The HR-V̇O2 regression equations of the two models were then used to estimate V̇O2 at six positions of field HR: five means of quintiles and the mean of the whole commute. The estimations obtained were for both models compared with the measured V̇O2.

    Results: The measured quintile range during commuting cycling was about 45-80% of V̇O2max. Overall, there was a high resemblance between the estimated and measured V̇O2, without any significant absolute differences in either males or females (range of all differences: -0.03-0.20 L⋅min-1). Simultaneously, rather large individual differences were noted.

    Conclusion: The present HR methods are valid at group level for estimating V̇O2 of cycle commuting characterized by relatively wide spectrums of exercise intensities. To further the understanding of the external validity of the HR method, there is a need for studying other forms of field exercises.

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  • 46.
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Relationships between heart rate and oxygen uptake in laboratory conditions and in bicycling commuting2016Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Introduction. Measuring the energetic demands of habitual commuter cyclists is essential to create more accurate methods for measuring active commuting so as to be able to objectively determine the impact that cycle commuting can have on population health.

    Heart rate (HR) can be used as an indicator of aerobic processes while commuter cycling as long as the relationship between oxygen uptake (VO2) and HR is established in laboratory conditions. However in the field, environmental aspects might introduce effects of stress that change the relationship. Thus measurements need also to be performed in the field in order to explore the HR-VO2 relationship between the two conditions.

    Methods. Metabolic measurements were performed in the laboratory as well as in the field using 20 habitual commuter cyclists (10 males and 10 females) aged 44 ± 3 yrs. A validated stationary as well as a portable metabolic system was used (Rosdahl et al. 2010; 2016; Salier-Eriksson et al. 2012). A comparison was made between the laboratory and field conditions of the HR-VO2 relationship.

    Results and Discussion. Based on the average heart rate, the measured oxygen uptake was about 2.5 % lower (n.s.) than the expected levels based on the steady state HR-VO2 relationships in the laboratory. Thus, the results indicate that the HR-VO2 relationships in the field were comparable to those measured in the laboratory on a group level. However, relatively large individual differences were found.

    References

    Rosdahl, H., Gullstrand, L., Salier Eriksson, J., Johansson, P. & Schantz, P. 2010. Evaluation of the Oxycon Mobile metabolic system against the Douglas bag method. Eur J Appl Physiol 109 (2):159-71.

    Rosdahl, H., Salier Eriksson, J. & Schantz, P. 2016. Validation of data collected with mobile metabolic measurement systems over time during active commuting. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Congress of The European College of Sport Sciences, Vienna, Austria, 6-8 July (Abstract).  

    Salier Eriksson, J., Rosdahl, H. & Schantz, P. 2012. Validity of the Oxycon Mobile metabolic system under field measuring conditions. Eur J Appl Physiol, 112 (1): 345-355.

     

     

     

  • 47.
    Salier Eriksson, Jane
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Rosdahl, Hans
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Validity of the Oxycon Mobile metabolic system under field measuring conditions2012In: European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN 1439-6319, E-ISSN 1439-6327, Vol. 112, no 1, p. 345-355Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Purpose: It is essential to validate portable metabolic systems, not only in laboratory settings, but also in field measuring conditions, such as prolonged moderate exercise at low temperatures, high humidity and with external wind.

     

    Methods: VO2, VCO2, RER and VE were measured using the Oxycon Mobile (OM), with a windshield, during cycle ergometer exercise: (I) indoors at three submaximal workloads with no wind or with external wind (13–20 m·s-1) from front, side and back; (II) at two submaximal workloads outdoors (12 ± 2oC; 86 ± 7% RH), with and without a system for drying the ambient air around the air sampling tube; and (III) at one workload outdoors for 45 min (5 ± 4oC; 69 ± 16.5% RH). Any physiological drift was checked for with pre- and postmeasurements by the Douglas bag method (DBM).

     

    Results: A minor effect of external wind from behind was noted in RER and VE (-2 and -3%).. The system for drying the ambient air around the gas sampling tube had no effect on the measured levels. A small difference in VCO2 drift between the OM and DBM (1.5 mL·min-2) was noted in the stability test.

     

    Conclusion: Heavy external wind applied from different directions generally does not affect the measurements of the OM. Furthermore, when using a unit for drying the ambient air around the gas sampling tube, the OM can accurately measure VO2, RER and VE   at submaximal workloads for at least45 min under challenging conditions with regard to humidity and temperature.

     

  • 48.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    4:e Lingloppet ekologiskt1991In: Tidskrift i Gymnastik & Idrott, ISSN 0281-5338, no 7, p. 18-20Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 49.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    5:e Lingloppet: Genom Gustavianska parken in i framtiden1993In: Tidskrift i Gymnastik & Idrott, ISSN 0281-5338, no 3, p. 16-18Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
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  • 50.
    Schantz, Peter
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Research Unit for Movement, Health and Environment.
    Alfred Nobel och hans okände medarbetare: Alfred Nobel and his unknown coworker2019In: Norrbottens-Kuriren, no 18 december, p. 20-21Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [en]

    Alfred Nobel is the Swedish inventor of dynamite and the testamentator behind the Nobel Foundation and the Nobel Prizes. The article “Alfred Nobel and his unknown co-worker” is  a translation of the originally in Swedish published article in the daily Swedish newspaper Norrbottens-Kuriren, in December 18, 2019. It elaborates on the issue of which potential persons that Alfred Nobel himself would have toasted in thankfulness for his life and achievements.  Based on Nobel´s testament, and unknown or very sparsely known sources, the great importance of his coworker, the engineer Alarik Liedbeck, protrudes in a new light. Further news in this article is the fact that Liedbeck was a grandchild of the gymnasiarch Per Henrik Ling, who founded the Swedish Ling Gymnastics, including Medical Gymnastics, or what today is known as physiotherapy. Both of them were related to Alfred Nobel through their relative in common; Olof Rudbeck, the older, who discovered the lymph system. Also the grave of Alarik Liedbeck, side by side with Per Henrik Ling, at the shore of Brunnsviken in the Royal National Urban Park in Stockholm, Sweden, sheds light over this unique outdoor burial place which was created by Ling.

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    Artikeln på svenska
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