Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH

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  • 1.
    Al Fakir, Ida
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Movement, Culture and Society.
    Spotlighted or Hidden in Plain Sight: Consequences of the Post-War Ban on Ethnic Registration in Sweden2023In: Historical Explorations of Modern Epidemiology: Patterns, Populations and Pathologies / [ed] Heini Hakosalo, Katariina Parhi, Annukka Sailo, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023, 1, p. 113-133Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The 1945 census was the last to record ethnicity in Sweden, and in 1973, registering ethnicity became virtually illegal. Swedish population statistics and official health and social registers therefore do not contain information on the ethnic background of the people registered. Exploring socio-medical and epidemiological research in Sweden from the 1940s to the 1980s, the chapter discusses the tension between ethical and legal constraints on the one hand, and the scientific, administrative, and political need for accurate information on minority and ethnic groups on the other. Three alternative research strategies to substitute for the lack of data on ethnicity are identified: using alternative but related categories such as nationality, country of birth, or immigrant status; “reading ethnicity” from pre-existing data collections; and conducting time-consuming and costly special studies designed to enable researchers to bypass the proscription of ethnic registration. These strategies have produced new epidemiological and socio-medical understandings concerning ethnicity and health/disease. However, as certain groups and categories have been statistically more available or visible in society than others, an uneven body of knowledge has evolved. In effect, some minorities have been spotlighted while others have remained hidden in plain sight.

  • 2.
    Avenbrand, Thomas
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    A comparison of maximal knee flexor and extensor strength for assessing bilateral imbalance in Swedish elite hockey players.2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim

    The aim of this study was to determine knee extensor (Q) and flexor (H) muscle strength characteristics in a group of professional Swedish hockey players, including maximal isokinetic torque and any asymmetries seen in these. 

     

    Method

    This study was designed to measure strength and power performance during unilateral movement involving the lower extremities in open chain.  The contribution of each leg were discerned for subsequent comparison of left to right quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H), mean and peak value of hamstrings to quadriceps (H/Q ratio) and dominant to non-dominant legs for the purpose of examining imbalances between the legs.  The dominant leg (D) was defined as the strongest leg (either right or left) from the collected torque data for each player and then calculated as one value for the whole group. Subjects had a defined warm-up session and any static stretching that subjects feel necessary to assist them in performing the tests was also permitted. Maximal concentric (con) and eccentric (ecc) quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength was obtained by measuring maximal force moments (torque) during isokinetic knee extension and flexion movements both in 90°·s-1and 300°·s-1. An Isomed2000 (D&R Ferstl GmbH, Germany) was used for the measurements.

     

    Results

    In a comparison of D to ND, significant differences were obtained in peak torque for Q (p=0,0005) and H at con 90°·s-1(p=0,027) and H at ecc 90°·s-1(p=0,014). When comparing mean torque between D and ND significant differences were obtained for Q for con 90°·s-1(p=0,026) and H at ecc 90°·s-1(p=0,007). When looking at H/Q ratio between right and left sides a significant difference was seen for peak torque at con 90°·s-1and moderate relationship was seen at mean values at con 90°·s-1and ecc 90°·s-1

     

    Conclusions

    The result shows that the elite hockey players in the tested group seem to have one significant stronger leg and a week hamstrings compared to quadriceps. This means that they tend to be asymmetrical which might affect performance but may also increase the incidence of injury.   This has to be evaluated with further research.

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  • 3.
    Livsey, Lisa
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Lerander, Maria
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Tiden, hälsan och familjen: En intervjustudie av tidsbrist och dess konsekvenser för hälsan2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Aim and scientific issues

    The aim was to identify potential health risks, for full-time working parents with small children, caused by time shortage. The intention was to better understand and help this particularly time-pressured group in society to achieve a healthier lifestyle. The identification was built upon their own opinions about possible health risks and upon an interpretation of the health risks from a health promoter’s perspective.

    • How do full-time working parents with young children handle time-shortage in a health perspective, specified in the categories: sleep, recovery, nutrition, physical activity, social health and mental health?
    • What consequences for health does time–shortage have for full-time working parents with young children?
    • What do parents with young children think could help them to obtain a better health in everyday life?

     Method

    The study was based on a literature overview and semi-structured interviews with 6 people who were strategically selected: the interview objects were all full-time working or studying, had one child under 7 and lived together with a partner. All interviews were recorded using two dictaphones and were implemented, transcribed and analyzed by both writers of this essay to increase the reliability of the results.

    Results

    Time shortage is shown to be handled especially through priorities in the respondent’s lives. Depending on individual preferences, knowledge and lifestyle the interview objects give up different activities. Common for all respondents was that they gave up activities necessary for their health in the long term. The consequences of time shortage for their health therefore depended on what kind of activity they gave up. It is clear that time-shortage signifies an increased risk for lifestyle diseases in the long term.

    The parents’ own suggestions for improvements included household services, economic help, social networks, a more flexible working market and a more flexible society.

    Conclusions

    Time shortage is a problem for parents with small children and the consequences of it are that crucial activities for promoting a long-term good health are given up. Input from the community is needed and the health educator can be a part in the work of teaching parents –to-be about lifestyle changes that could occur. Based on the results of this study, different methods can be used for the solution of specific problems in different families.

     

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    fulltext
  • 4.
    Matslova, Malin
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Sjukgymnasters användning av djup nackmuskelträning vid behandling av nacksmärta: - en enkätstudie2014Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (One Year)), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract

    Aim

    The aim of this study was to survey the use of deep neck muscle training, used by physiotherapists in their treatment of neck pain. The research questions were: “ To what extent are exercises of deep neck muscle training used by physiotherapists in their treatment of neck pain?”, “ Is there a relationship between the use of deep neck muscle training by physiotherapists and their specialist training, targeting sports medicine respectively orthopedic manual therapy?” , “Which is the most frequently used exercise?” and “ To what extent is the use of deep neck muscle training argued  by physiotherapists as being relevant in the treatment of neck pain?”.

    Method

    A questionnaire was used for this study.  Based on the aim and research questions, a web questionnaire was designed. The questionnaire was tested on four physiotherapists associates and subsequently revised during an iterative process. The questionnaire was sent to 161 physiotherapists and carried out during February to Mars 2014.

    Results

    There were in total 53 replies (33%). In the treatment of neck pain, the use of specific deep neck muscle training was viewed as relevant to a greater extent,  in comparison to the use of superficial neck muscle training. The type of exercise most frequently used was postural training. Exercises aiming to train the joint position sense as well as endurance training using a pressure sensor, were least employed. Considering the use of exercise to train the joint position sense and endurance training using a pressure sensor, significant differences were observed between physiotherapists with or without specialist training. Physiotherapists with specialist training targeting orthopedic manual therapy, were using eye motion coordination training to a significant greater extent in comparison to the ones targeting sports medicine.

    Conclusions

    Among the 53 responding physiotherapists postural training was used to the greatest extent. Exercises to train the joint position sense of the neck as well as endurance training using a pressure sensor, were used to the least extent. Differences were observed between physiotherapists with and without specialist training in their use of exercises. According to the physiotherapists, the basic education did not provide sufficient training concerning physical exercise as treatment of neck pain

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    Examensarbete
  • 5.
    Mattsson, C. Mikael
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Konditionsträning för lagbollsidrottare2012In: Idrott & kunskap, ISSN 1652-6961, no 1, p. 46-49Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    Vilka konditionstestvärden har elitspelare i fotboll, ishockey och basket? Och hur tränar man effektivast sinkondition om man är bollidrottare? Mikael Mattson, doktor i fysiologi vid GIH, reder ut begreppen.

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    Konditionsträning för lagbollsidrottare
  • 6.
    Mattsson, C. Mikael
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Björn Ekblom's and Mats Börjesson's research group.
    Requirements for Soldiers’ Endurance Capacity in Prolonged Continuous Work2014Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Physiological factors that influence soldier’s ability to sustain performance level in prolonged continuous work are such as A) initial physical level; B) ability to carry; and C) ability to sustain performance level over prolonged periods of time.

    A) General fitness level is obviously crucial, such as strength and aerobic capacity, but so is also being completely healthy when the effort initiates. We have presented an immunological profile that might be useful to determine which soldiers that will underperform. Before a 6-day military training course expression of CD3 on CD8+ lymphocytes and percent CD8+CD3 lymphocytes was lower, whereas CD4/CD8 ratio was higher among soldiers who failed compared to those who completed the training (Ekblom et al. 2011).

    B) It is well know that energy expenditure increases with increased carried weight, but at heavier loads (>30 kg) we found a disproportionate increase. Our hypothesis is that this is due to inaccurate technique, caused by insufficient strength relative to the carried weight, which may lead to unusual tiredness. In our preliminary results all soldiers had a point, carried weight, above which the work economy decreased. Therefore, it would be relevant to determine each soldier’s maximum optimal weight to carry.

    C) Fatigue and performance in ultra-endurance exercise, such as military efforts, is determined by (in part) other factors compared to traditional endurance sports. One of the most important aspects is energy balance. The total energy expenditure for a 24-h Adventure Race can be as high as 18-20 000 kcal (Enqvist et al. 2010). One reason for fatigue is the substantial energy deficit. Partly because that the profile of amino acids in blood and muscle change (Borgenvik et al. 2012), muscle damage (Wichardt et al. 2011), hormonal changes (Berg et al 2008), and immunological responses (Wallberg et al. 2011, Marklund et al. 2013). This combined indicates that specific supplementations may be needed. We have recently examined the energy balance in military situations. Two situations were 100 h, 78 km by foot in summer alpine terrain (6200 kcal/24h), and 187 h of mixed military tasks (5600 kcal/24h). Even though the allotment of rations was sufficient to cover the energy expenditure the actual intake was substantially lower, energy deficit being approximately 50 % and 33 %, respectively. However, we see large individual differences. If possible, energy availability should be individualized so that heavier soldiers and those with heavier tasks have opportunities to get higher energy supply compared to soldiers with lighter tasks and lower weight.

  • 7.
    Ryttervik, Frida
    et al.
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Karlsson Brolin, Mimmi
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    En kostsam förändring: En studie om hur en utbildningsinsats för ökade kunskaper om kost påverkar riskfaktorer för det metabola syndromet2012Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [sv]

    Sammanfattning

    Syfte och frågeställningar

    Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur kostvanor som eftersträvade en medelhavslik kost med nordisk inriktning kunde påverka riskfaktorerna för det metabola syndromet, till följd av en genomförd kurs i livsstilsförändring. De frågeställningar som användes för arbetet var;

     Har det skett någon förändring i kursdeltagarnas kostvanor som har haft betydelse för det metabola syndromet?

     Hur såg korrelationen ut mellan förändring i kostvanor, livsstilsfaktorer och metabola riskfaktorer?

     Hur såg oberoende kopplingar ut mellan förändringar i kostvanor och livsstilsfaktorer och förändringar i riskfaktorer för det metabola syndromet efter kontroll för potentiella confounders som fysisk aktivitet och socialt tillstånd?

    Metod

    Den longitudinella kvasiexperimentella kvantitativa studien genomfördes under tolv månader och bestod av tre individuella träffar med en sjuksköterska samt fem gruppundervisningstillfällen i livsstilsförändring. Vid livsstilskursens start deltog 99 individer i studien. Vid sista mättillfället var deltagarantalet 64 individer.

    Resultat

    Resultaten visade på att det skett en signifikant förändring i majoriteten av de undersökta kostvariablerna för kursdeltagarna. Huruvida dessa kostvariabler hade betydelse för det metabola syndromet kunde däremot inte avläsas i denna frågeställning. Korrelationen mellan de tre undersökta kategorierna visade på samband mellan variablerna inom kategorierna däremot inte många korrelationer mellan kategorierna. För de regressionsanalyser som genomfördes visade ett antal kostfaktorer och fysiologiska mätvärden ha oberoende kopplingar till de fyra signifikanta fysiologiska riskfaktorerna. De fyra signifikanta riskfaktorerna var BMI, systoliskt blodtryck, midjemått och vikt.

    Slutsats

    Resultaten av studien visade att fysiologiska riskfaktorer för det metabola syndromet förändrats i riskreducerande riktning och att kosten delvis kan ha påverkat förändringarna till följd av kursen i livsstilsförändring.

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    Examensarbete på grundnivå, En kostsam förändring
  • 8.
    Tranaeus, Ulrika
    Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
    Psychological factors in the prevention of sport injury2019In: Sportskongres 2019: Invited symposium: Psychology of sport injury - prevention, return to sport and behaviour change, 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
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