This study is on how leg utilisation may affect skiing efficiency andperformance in double-poling ergometry. Three experiments wereconducted, each with a different style of the double-poling technique:traditional with small knee range-of-motion and fixed heels (TRAD);modern with large knee range-of-motion and fixed heels (MOD1) and modernwith large knee range-of-motion and free heels (MOD2). For each style,motion data were extracted with automatic marker recognition ofreflective markers and applied to a 3D full-body musculoskeletalsimulation model. Skiing efficiency (skiing work divided by metabolicmuscle work) and performance (forward impulse) were computed from thesimulation output. Skiing efficiency was 4.5%, 4.1% and 4.1% for TRAD,MOD1 and MOD2, respectively. Performance was 111, 143 and 149Ns forTRAD, MOD1 and MOD2, respectively. Thus, higher lower body utilisationincreased the performance but decreased the skiing efficiency. Theseresults demonstrate the potential of musculoskeletal simulations forskiing efficiency estimations.