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Trunk muscle coordination in reaction to load-release in a position without vertical postural demand.
Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Motor Control.
Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Biomechanics and Motor Control.
2008 (English)In: Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale, ISSN 1432-1106, Vol. 185, no 3, p. 383-90Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The aim of this study was to investigate the coordination between the innermost muscle layer of the ventro-lateral abdominal wall, the transversus abdominis (TrA), and other trunk muscles, in reaction to a load-release without the postural demand of keeping the trunk upright. Eleven healthy male volunteers participated. Intramuscular fine-wire electromyography (EMG) was obtained bilaterally from the TrA, rectus abdominis (RA), obliquus externus (OE) and erector spinae (ES) muscles. The subjects lay on their right side on a horizontal swivel-table with immobilized pelvis and lower limbs and with the trunk strapped to a movable platform allowing for trunk flexion and extension. Subjects maintained trunk flexion or extension at different force levels against a static resistance, which was suddenly released. They were instructed to resume the start position as fast as possible. EMG signals were analysed with respect to amplitude and timing of muscle activation. Following released static flexion, TrA increased its activity in synergy with ES. Also in released static extension, TrA increased its activity, but now in synergy with RA and OE. The direction-independent activation of TrA indicates a role of this muscle in controlling inter-segmental movements of the lumbar spine. This function was not accompanied by an early activation of TrA as has been shown previously for trunk perturbations in standing, i.e. a situation with an additional demand of maintaining the trunk posture upright against gravity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2008. Vol. 185, no 3, p. 383-90
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-573DOI: 10.1007/s00221-007-1159-xPubMedID: 17957362OAI: oai:DiVA.org:gih-573DiVA, id: diva2:173594
Available from: 2009-02-16 Created: 2009-02-16 Last updated: 2015-03-06Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. On the role of transversus abdominis in trunk motor control
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the role of transversus abdominis in trunk motor control
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

All trunk muscles are important contributors to spine stability. However, the deepest abdominal muscle, transversus abdominis (TrA), with its characteristically horizontal fibre orientation seems to serve a unique function in trunk motor control. The main mechanical role of TrA is believed to be to contribute to vertebral alignment during imposed moments on the trunk, executed mainly via either regulating the pressure level within the abdominal cavity and/or transmit forces to the spine via the thoracolumbar fascia. However, the complete function of TrA and what factors affect its activation are still not fully understood. The purpose of the present thesis was to investigate the role of TrA in trunk motor control, specifically in relation to the presence or absence of postural demand on the trunk.

The timing and magnitude of TrA activation were investigated, in relation to other trunk muscles, with intramuscular fine-wire electrodes in different loading situations and body positions with varying postural demand.

In a side-lying position, with no postural demand of keeping the trunk upright, the activation of TrA was delayed relative the superficial abdominal muscles compared to previous experiments performed in a standing position. The timing and magnitude of activation of TrA did not depend upon the direction of perturbation. In the standing position, different static arm positions revealed that the activation of TrA co-varied with variations in the degree of postural demand on the trunk and also the imposed moments, regardless of moment direction. Finally, a study on rapid arm flexion movements confirmed that TrA is part of the pre-programmed anticipatory response in advance of known perturbations. The activation magnitude of TrA was the same regardless if the arm movement induced flexion or extension  moments on the trunk.

In conclusion, the activation of TrA is associated with the upright postural demand on the trunk and with balancing imposed moments acting on the spine, regardless their direction. The findings are in support of the beliefs that TrA act as a general, direction non specific, stabilizer of the lumbar spine.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Örebro: Örebro universitet, 2011
Series
Örebro Studies in Medicine, ISSN 1652-4063 ; 54
National Category
Medical and Health Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3757 (URN)978-91-7668-796-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2011-05-20, Wilandersalen, Universitetssjukhuset, Örebro, 09:00 (English)
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Avhandlingen i fulltext finns hos Örebro universitet, se länk.

Available from: 2015-03-06 Created: 2015-03-05 Last updated: 2015-03-06Bibliographically approved

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Eriksson Crommert, A E MartinThorstensson, Alf

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