Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH

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Intellektuell gemenskap: En studie om fysisk aktivitet i grupp på daglig verksamhet
Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Department of Sport and Health Sciences.
2019 (Swedish)Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
Abstract [sv]

Syfte och frågeställning

Syftet är att undersöka vilka förutsättningar som påverkar deltagande i fysisk aktivitet hos personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning som går på daglig verksamhet.

  • Vilka faktorer främjar till deltagandet i fysisk aktivitet?
  • Vilka faktorer hindrar till deltagandet i fysisk aktivitet?
  • Vad är upplevelsen av organiserad gruppträning?

Metod

En kvalitativ design med intervju som valdes som undersökningsmetod. Urvalet består av 4 arbetstagare och 1 coach verksamma vid dagliga verksamheter. Datainsamlingen genomfördes genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, där två intervjuguider utformades. En anpassad till arbetstagarna och en till coachen. Intervjuguiden grundades på KASAMs tre komponenter begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet. Efter transkribering av intervjuerna analyserades dessa genom en innehållsanalys.

Resultat

Arbetstagarna ansåg att fysisk aktivitet har positiv inverkan på den fysiska och psykiska hälsan. Socialt stöd upplevs vara en avgörande faktor till deltagande i fysisk aktivitet enligt coach och arbetstagare. Hinder till deltagande anges vara psykisk ohälsa, kommunikationssvårigheter och negativa känslor kring transportering. Samtliga arbetstagare ansåg att social interaktion, delaktighet och gemenskap är de viktigaste faktorerna till deltagande i fysisk aktivitet. Dessa faktorer framkom i analysen mot känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) där samspelet mellan begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet påverkar deltagandet i fysisk aktivitet.

Slutsats

Socialt stöd, social interaktion och upplevd förbättrad ångesthantering är främjande faktorer som skapar en känsla av sammanhang kring fysisk aktivitet på daglig verksamhet för personer med IF. Hinder och faktorer som motverkar känslan av sammanhang och till deltagande i fysisk aktivitet är transport till och från aktiviteten, den psykiska ohälsan samt brist på initiativtagande. Organiserad gruppträning främjar fysisk aktivitet eftersom den organiseras av andra personer.

Abstract [en]

Aim

The aim for this study was to investigate the conditions that affect participation in physical activity for people with intellectual disabilities who go to daily centers.

• What factors promote participation in physical activity?

• What factors prevent participation in physical activity?

• What is the experience of organized group training?

Method

A qualitative method was chosen with a total of 5 interviews: 4 people with intellectual disability (ID) and 1 coach working on a daily center. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and two interview guides were designed. One was adapted to the match the people with ID and one to the coach. The interview guide and analysis was based on the three components of the sense of coherence theory (SOC): comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. After transcribing the interviews, these were analyzed by a content analysis.

Results

People with ID in this study felt that physical activity has a positive impact on physical and mental health. Social support is perceived to be an important factor in participating in physical activity according to coach and people with ID. Things that prevented participation was stated to be mental illness, communication difficulties and negative feelings about transportation. Every participated person with ID considered social interaction, participation and community was the most important factors for participation in physical activity. These factors emerged in the analysis with SOC, where the interaction between comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness affects participation in physical activity.

Conclusion

With sense of coherence it seems like the people with ID, in this study, enables participation in physical activity. Social support, social interaction and improved management of anxiety are promotional factors for participation. Factors that prevent participation in physical activity was transport to and from the activity, mental illness and lack of initiative. Organized group training promotes physical activity because it is organized by other people.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2019. , p. 39
Series
Examensarbete ; 2019:5
National Category
Sport and Fitness Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5714OAI: oai:DiVA.org:gih-5714DiVA, id: diva2:1305224
Educational program
Sports Science and Health Science
Supervisors
Examiners
Available from: 2019-04-16 Created: 2019-04-16 Last updated: 2019-04-16Bibliographically approved

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