Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH

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Activation of mTORC1 by leucine is potentiated by branched chain amino acids and even more so by essential amino acids following resistance exercise
Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, Eva Blomstrands forskningsgrupp.ORCID-id: 0000-0003-3747-0148
Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, Eva Blomstrands forskningsgrupp.
Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, Åstrandlaboratoriet, Björn Ekbloms forskningsgrupp.
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2016 (Engelska)Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology, ISSN 0363-6143, E-ISSN 1522-1563, Vol. 310, nr 11, s. C874-C884Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

Protein synthesis is stimulated by resistance exercise and intake of amino acids, in particular leucine. Moreover, activation of mTORC1 signaling by leucine is potentiated by the presence of other essential amino acids (EAA). However, the contribution of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to this effect is yet unknown. Here we compare the stimulatory role of leucine, BCAA and EAA ingestion on anabolic signaling following exercise. Accordingly, eight trained volunteers completed four sessions of resistance exercise during which they ingested either placebo, leucine, BCAA or EAA (including the BCAA) in random order. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest, immediately after exercise and following 90 and 180 min of recovery. Following 90 min of recovery the activity of S6K1 was greater than at rest in all four trials (Placebo<Leucine<BCAA<EAA; P<0.05 time x supplement), with a 9-fold increase in the EAA trial. At this same time-point phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 at Thr37/46 was unaffected by supplementation, while that of Thr46 alone exhibited a pattern similar to that of S6K1, being 18% higher with EAA than BCAA. However, after 180 min of recovery this difference between EAA and BCAA had disappeared, although with both these supplements the increases were still higher than with leucine (40%, P<0.05) and placebo (100%, P<0.05). In summary, EAA ingestion appears to stimulate translation initiation more effectively than the other supplements, although the results also suggest that this effect is primarily attributable to the BCAA.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2016. Vol. 310, nr 11, s. C874-C884
Nyckelord [en]
4E-BP1, p70S6 kinase 1, BCAA, skeletal muscle
Nationell ämneskategori
Fysiologi
Forskningsämne
Medicin/Teknik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4369DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00374.2015ISI: 000384745400004OAI: oai:DiVA.org:gih-4369DiVA, id: diva2:908094
Forskningsfinansiär
Centrum för Idrottsforskning
Anmärkning

At the time of Marcus Moberg's disertation this manuscript was submitted.

Tillgänglig från: 2016-03-01 Skapad: 2016-03-01 Senast uppdaterad: 2018-01-10Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Effects of exercise and amino acid intake on mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and breakdown in human muscle
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Effects of exercise and amino acid intake on mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and breakdown in human muscle
2016 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Skeletal muscle adapts differently to specific modes of exercise, where resistance training results in muscle growth and endurance training induces mitochondrial biogenesis. These are results of molecular events that occur after each exercise session, increasing the expression of specific genes and the rate of both synthesis and breakdown of protein. The rate of protein synthesis is controlled by the mTORC1 signaling pathway, which is potently stimulated by resistance exercise and amino acid, and their combined effect is needed for muscle growth. The essential amino acids (EAA) are responsible for the stimulation of protein synthesis and here leucine has been attributed specific attention, but its particular role among the EAA, and the involvement of the other branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) is unclear. Endurance exercise activates the protein AMPK which, in animal models, has been shown to inhibit mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis.  Suggesting that concurrent endurance and resistance exercise could restrain muscle growth, but it is unknown if this mechanism is relevant in exercising human muscle. Little is known about the regulation of protein breakdown and although much attention has been given the proteins MuRF-1 and MAFbx which target proteins for degradation, their role requires further investigation. The aim of thesis was to address the mentioned uncertainties by examining how different modes of exercise and amino acids affect mTORC1 signaling, protein synthesis and markers of protein breakdown in human muscle.

In study I, the influence of high intensity endurance exercise on subsequent resistance exercised induced mTORC1 signaling was examined. Despite robust activation of AMPK by the endurance exercise there was no inhibition of mTORC1 signaling or protein synthesis during recovery from resistance exercise. Study II utilized a similar set up, but with the difference that resistance exercise was performed with the triceps. The cycling exercise reduced the resistance exercise stimulated mTORC1 signaling immediately after the exercise, but during the recovery period mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis was similar between trials. Concurrent exercise induced the mRNA expression of MuRF-1 and that of PGC-1α, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, in both studies, despite that the exercise modes in study II were separated between legs and arms. In study III, the effect of an EAA supplement with or without leucine, in the stimulation of mTORC1 signaling in connection with resistance exercise was examined. Intake of EAA robustly stimulated mTORC1 signaling after exercise, but this was only minor when leucine was excluded from the supplement. In study IV, subjects were supplied with leucine, BCAA, EAA or placebo in a randomized fashion during four sessions of resistance exercise. Leucine alone stimulated mTORC1 signaling after the exercise, but both the amplitude and extent of stimulation was substantially greater with EAA, an effect that was largely mediated by the BCAA as a group.

In conclusion, endurance exercise prior to resistance exercise using the leg or arm muscles does not affect mTORC1 signaling or protein synthesis during the three hour recovery period from exercise, supporting compatibility between resistance- and endurance exercise induced signaling. Concurrent exercise increases the expression of the proteolytic marker MuRF-1 compared to resistance exercise only, which could indicate both and increased demand of cellular adaptive remodeling or a more direct detrimental proteolytic effect. Leucine is crucial among the EAA in the stimulation of mTORC1 signaling after exercise, its effect is however potentiated by intake of the remaining EAA. As a supplement a mixture of EAA must be regarded preferable, although the effect is largely mediated by the BCAA as a group.  

 

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Stockholm: Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, 2016. s. 109
Serie
Avhandlingsserie för Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan ; 07
Nyckelord
Resistance exercise, concurrent exericse, leucine, BCAA, mTORC1 signaling, protein synthesis, MuRF-1, PGC-1alpha
Nationell ämneskategori
Idrottsvetenskap Cell- och molekylärbiologi
Forskningsämne
Medicin/Teknik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-4371 (URN)978-91-980862-6-3 (ISBN)
Disputation
2016-04-01, Aulan, Lidingövägen 1, Stockholm, 09:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Forskningsfinansiär
Centrum för Idrottsforskning
Tillgänglig från: 2016-03-01 Skapad: 2016-03-01 Senast uppdaterad: 2018-01-10Bibliografiskt granskad

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