Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH

Syfte och frågeställningar

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka 15-åringars friluftslivsvanor samt att studera om dessa har förändrats mellan åren 2001 och 2007 med utgångspunkt från bostadsortens geografiska läge.

• Hur såg 15-åringars friluftslivsundervisning ut i skolan?
• Hur såg 15-åringars friluftslivsvanor tillsammans med en familjemedlem ut på fritiden?
• Hur ansåg 15-åringars att de behärskade olika friluftslivsaktiviteter?
• Vilken betydelse hade utövandet av olika friluftslivsaktiviteter med någon ur sin familj för elevernas skattning på hur de behärskade olika friluftslivsaktiviteter?

Metod

Vi har använt oss av insamlat material från Skola-idrott-hälsa projektet. Material har valts ut från åren 2001 och 2007 på 15-åriga ungdomar över hela landet. Deltagarna delades in i landsdelarna; Götaland, Svealand och Norrland utifrån deras hemort. Data har bearbetats i SPSS och jämförelser mellan de olika landsdelarna har gjorts. Bourdieus teori har använts för att diskutera resultaten.

Resultat

De tre aktiviteterna som rankades som de mest förekommande friluftslivsaktiviteterna de haft på skolan det senaste året var simning, orientering och skridskor enligt enkätsvaren 2001 och 2007. De som var minst förekommande var friluftsteknik, paddling och långfärdskridskor. Drygt 88 procent både 2001 och 2007 har uppgett att de har haft simning varje vecka/ibland i Norrland i skolan. I Götaland uppgav 22,5 procent av eleverna 2001 att de haft simning varje vecka/ibland en liten ökning skedde till 2007 då det var 27,3 procent. Svealand var den enda landsdel där det skett en minskning utav simning i skolan. År 2001 var det 25,4 procent utav eleverna som uppgett att de haft simning i skolan medans 2007 så hade denna siffra sjunkit till 5,8 procent. Ungdomarna i Norrland skattade dock sin förmåga att klara av simning lägre jämfört med ungdomarna i Svealand och Götaland. Den mest förekommande friluftslivsaktiviteten år 2001 var simning i alla tre landsdelar. Simningen med någon ur sin familj hade sjunkit kraftigt till år 2007 i alla tre landsdelar. Av de elever i Götaland som skattat sin förmåga att klara av längdskidor bra så hade de flesta testat aktiviteten med någon ur sin familj. Samma tendens syntes i Svealand och Norrland, alltså att fler elever skattat sin förmåga att klara av längdskidor bra om de utfört aktiviteten med någon ur sin familj.

Slutsats

 En slutsats som kan dras är att en viss tendens pekar på att skolor i Norrland bedrev friluftsliv i större utsträckning i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Vi är övertygande om att det kulturella kapitalet gällande friluftsliv är starkare här än i de övriga landsdelarna. Det kulturella kapitalet skapas efter naturens förutsättningar, det vill säga att Norrland har närmare till natur och snö under längre perioder än de övriga landsdelarna för att utöva friluftsliv. Friluftslivstraditionen i skolan i Norrland är mer utbredd på grund av lärarnas och föräldrarnas habitus och smak omedvetet skapar undervisningen och friluftslivsutövandet på fritiden. Ungdomarnas habitus och kulturella kapital som de förvärvat hemifrån har stor betydelse för deras friluftslivsvanor men även skolan tror vi har en stor och viktig roll gällande ungdomarnas friluftslivsvanor.

Purpose and issue

The purpose of this study was to determine if recreational habits has changed, and in what way, between the years 2001 and 2007 based on the geographical location of their home.

• What outdoor recreational education did the 15-year-olds acquire at school?
• What recreation habits did the 15-year-olds have in their spare time along with a member of his/her family?
• On what level considered the 15 - year-olds themselves to master various outdoor activities?
• How important was the practice of outdoor activities with a member of their family for the students' consideration of their ability to master various outdoor activities?

Method

The study was based on existing data from school-sports-health project. Materials have been selected from the years 2001 and 2007 on the 15-year-olds across the country. The participants were divided into three different groups based on their geographical origin, Götaland (south), Svealand (middle) and Norrland (north). The selected data was processed in SPSS and comparisons between the different parts of the country have been made. Bourdieus theory has been used to discuss the results.

Results

According to the survey, three tasks were ranked as the most common outdoor activities in school last year, swimming, orienteering and skating. The least frequent activities were open-air technology, kayaking and long distance skating. In Norrland, more than 88 percent, in both 2001 and 2007, have indicated that they have been swimming on a weekly basis. In Götaland 22.5 percent of students in 2001 claimed that they have been swimming every week. A slight increase occurred until 2007 when the result in Götaland was 27.3 percent. Svealand was the only part of the country where there has been decrease of swimming in schools. In 2001 25.4 percent of students reported that they had been swimming at school while in 2007, the figure had dropped to 5.8 percent. However, young people in Norrland estimated their ability to swim lower compared to young people in Svealand and Götaland. The most common outdoor activity in 2001 was swimming in all three provinces. Swimming along with a member of their family had decreased considerably until 2007 in all three provinces. Of the students in Götaland who estimated their ability in cross-country skiing as great, had most of them tested cross country skiing with a member of his family. The same tendency appeared in Svealand and Norrland, a larger number of students estimated their ability in cross-country skiing as great if they had carried out the activity with a member of their family.

Conclusion

One conclusion to be drawn is that a trend shows that schools in Norrland uses outdoor activities to a greater extent in their physical education. We are convinced that the "cultural capital" regarding outdoor recreation is stronger in Norrland compared to other parts of the country. The cultural capital created by natural conditions of Norrlands, is the closeness to nature and snow for longer periods than in the other parts of the country, gives the opportunity to pursue more outdoor activities. The tradition of outdoor activities in schools in Norrland is more widespread because of the teachers and parents "habitus" and "smak" unconsciously create teaching and outdoor exercise during leisure time. The "habitus" and "cultural capital" that adolescents' have acquired from their parents is very important for their recreation habits. Furthermore is the level of outdoor activities in school also a important part in regard to young people's recreation habits.